Conard Nicholas J
Abteilung für Altere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie, Institut für Ur-und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Universität Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany.
Nature. 2003 Dec 18;426(6968):830-2. doi: 10.1038/nature02186.
Archaeologists have always viewed the origin of figurative art as a crucial threshold in human evolution. Here I report the discovery of three figurines carved from mammoth ivory at Hohle Fels Cave in the Swabian Jura of southwestern Germany, which provides new evidence for the appearance of figurative art more than 30,000 years ago. The finds include the oldest known representation of a bird, a therianthropic sculpture and an animal that most closely resembles a horse. The Aurignacian sculptures of the Swabian Jura belong to one of the oldest traditions of figurative art known worldwide and point to the Upper Danube as an important centre of cultural innovation during the early Upper Palaeolithic period.
考古学家一直将具象艺术的起源视为人类进化中的一个关键转折点。在此，我报告在德国西南部施瓦本侏罗山脉的霍勒·费尔斯洞穴中发现的三件由猛犸象牙雕刻而成的小雕像，它们为三万多年前具象艺术的出现提供了新证据。这些发现包括已知最古老的鸟类形象、一件兽形雕塑以及最酷似马的动物形象。施瓦本侏罗山脉的奥瑞纳文化雕塑属于世界上已知最古老的具象艺术传统之一，表明多瑙河上游地区是旧石器时代晚期早期文化创新的一个重要中心。
