State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, PR China.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 3):113858. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113858. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
With the rapid development of industrial society, phenolic pollutants already identified in water are severe threats to human health. Traditional detection techniques like chromatography are poor in the ability of cost-effectiveness and on-site detection. In recent years, electrochemical enzymatic biosensors have attracted increasing attention for use in the recognition of phenolic compounds, which is considered an effective strategy for the product transfer of portable analytical devices. Although electrochemical enzymatic biosensors provide a fast, accurate on-site detection technique, the difficulties of enzyme deactivation, poor stability and low sensitivity remain to be solved. Thus, effective immobilization methods of enzymes and nanomaterials with excellent properties have been extensively researched to obtain a high-sensitivity and high-stability biosensing platform. Simultaneous detection of multiple phenols may become the focus of further research. In this review, we provide an overview of recent progress toward electrochemical enzymatic biosensors for the detection of phenolic compounds, including enzyme immobilization approaches and advanced nanomaterials, especially nanocomposites with attractive properties such as good conductivity, high specific surface area, and porous structure. We will comprehensively discuss the features and mechanisms of the main enzymes adopted in the construction of different phenolic biosensors, as well as traditional methods (e.g., adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment, encapsulation, cross-linking) of enzyme immobilization. The most effective method is based on the properties of enzymes, supports and application objective because there is no one-size-fits-all method of enzymatic immobilization. The emphasis will be given to various advanced nanomaterials, including their special nanostructures, preparation methods and performance. Finally, the main challenges in future research on electrochemical phenolic biosensors will be discussed to provide further perspectives for practical applications in dynamic and on-site monitoring. We believe this review will deliver an important inspiration for the construction of novel and high-performance electrochemical biosensors from enzyme selection to nanomaterial design for the detection of various hazardous materials. We believe this review will deliver an important inspiration on the construction of novel and high-performance electrochemical biosensors from the enzyme selection to the nanomaterial design for detections of various hazardous materials.
随着工业社会的快速发展，水中已鉴定出的酚类污染物对人类健康构成了严重威胁。传统的检测技术，如色谱法，在成本效益和现场检测方面的能力较差。近年来，电化学酶生物传感器因其对酚类化合物的识别能力而引起了越来越多的关注，被认为是便携式分析设备的产品转移的有效策略。尽管电化学酶生物传感器提供了一种快速、准确的现场检测技术，但酶失活、稳定性差和灵敏度低等问题仍然需要解决。因此，人们广泛研究了有效的酶固定化方法和具有优异性能的纳米材料，以获得高灵敏度和高稳定性的生物传感平台。同时检测多种酚类化合物可能成为进一步研究的重点。在本文中，我们综述了电化学酶生物传感器用于检测酚类化合物的最新进展，包括酶固定化方法和先进的纳米材料，特别是具有良好导电性、高比表面积和多孔结构等诱人特性的纳米复合材料。我们将全面讨论构建不同酚类生物传感器时所采用的主要酶的特点和机制，以及酶固定化的传统方法（例如，吸附、共价键合、包埋、封装、交联）。最有效的方法是基于酶、载体和应用目标的特性，因为没有一种通用的酶固定化方法。重点将放在各种先进的纳米材料上，包括它们的特殊纳米结构、制备方法和性能。最后，讨论了电化学酚类生物传感器未来研究的主要挑战，为在动态和现场监测中实际应用提供了进一步的展望。我们相信，从酶的选择到纳米材料的设计，本文对构建用于检测各种有害物质的新型高性能电化学生物传感器具有重要的启示。
