阿尔茨海默病外周细胞外囊泡的生物标志物和治疗潜力。
Biomarker and therapeutic potential of peripheral extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease.
机构信息
VIB Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
出版信息
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Nov;190:114486. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114486. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles with an important role in intercellular communication, even across brain barriers. The bidirectional brain-barrier crossing capacity of EVs is supported by research identifying neuronal markers in peripheral EVs, as well as the brain delivery of peripherally administered EVs. In addition, EVs are reflective of their cellular origin, underlining their biomarker and therapeutic potential when released by diseased and regenerative cells, respectively. Both characteristics are of interest in Alzheimer's disease (AD) where the current biomarker profile is solely based on brain-centered readouts and effective therapeutic options are lacking. In this review, we elaborate on the role of peripheral EVs in AD. We focus on bulk EVs and specific EV subpopulations including bacterial EVs (bEVs) and neuronal-derived EVs (nEVs), which have mainly been studied from a biomarker perspective. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of peripherally administered EVs whereby research has centered around stem cell derived EVs.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是细胞来源的纳米颗粒，在细胞间通讯中具有重要作用，甚至可以跨越血脑屏障。EVs 具有双向穿越血脑屏障的能力，这一能力得到了研究的支持，研究发现外周 EV 中存在神经元标志物，以及外周给予的 EV 可向脑内递送。此外，EVs 反映了其细胞起源，当病变细胞和再生细胞分别释放 EV 时，凸显了它们作为生物标志物和治疗潜力。这两个特征都与阿尔茨海默病（AD）有关，目前的生物标志物谱仅基于以大脑为中心的检测结果，缺乏有效的治疗选择。在这篇综述中，我们详细阐述了外周 EV 在 AD 中的作用。我们重点介绍了批量 EV 以及特定的 EV 亚群，包括细菌 EV（bEVs）和神经元衍生的 EV（nEVs），这些亚群主要从生物标志物的角度进行了研究。此外，我们还强调了外周给予 EV 的治疗潜力，研究主要集中在干细胞衍生的 EV 上。
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