Chen Jun, Tian Chen, Xiong Xiao, Yang Ying, Zhang Jing
Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China.
Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China.
EBioMedicine. 2025 Mar;113:105605. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105605. Epub 2025 Mar 3.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enclosed nanovesicles secreted by diverse cell types that orchestrate intercellular communication through cargo delivery. Their pivotal roles span from supporting the development of normal central nervous system (CNS) to contributing to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Particularly noteworthy is their involvement in the propagation of pathogenic proteins, such as those involved in neurodegenerative disorders, and nucleic acids, closely linking them to disease onset and progression. Moreover, EVs have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for neurological disorders and as tools for disease staging, owing to their ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier and their specific, stable, and accessible properties. This review comprehensively explores the realm of CNS-derived EVs found in peripheral blood, encompassing their detection methods, transport mechanisms, and diverse roles in various neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we evaluate the potentials and limitations of EVs in clinical applications and highlight prospective research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由多种细胞类型分泌的脂质包裹的纳米囊泡，通过货物递送协调细胞间通讯。它们的关键作用涵盖从支持正常中枢神经系统（CNS）的发育到促成神经疾病的发病机制。特别值得注意的是它们参与致病蛋白的传播，如那些参与神经退行性疾病的蛋白，以及核酸，这将它们与疾病的发生和发展紧密联系起来。此外，由于EVs能够穿越血脑屏障以及它们具有特异性、稳定性和可及性等特性，它们已成为神经疾病有前景的诊断生物标志物和疾病分期工具。这篇综述全面探讨了外周血中发现的中枢神经系统来源的EVs领域，包括它们的检测方法、运输机制以及在各种神经退行性疾病中的不同作用。此外，我们评估了EVs在临床应用中的潜力和局限性，并突出了这个快速发展领域的前瞻性研究方向。
