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计算机辅助设计优化的核苷酸↔磷酰胺反应网络。

A Ribonucleotide ↔ Phosphoramidate Reaction Network Optimized by Computer-Aided Design.

机构信息

Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

出版信息

J Am Chem Soc. 2022 Aug 24;144(33):15266-15274. doi: 10.1021/jacs.2c05861. Epub 2022 Aug 11.

Abstract

A growing number of out-of-equilibrium systems have been created and investigated in chemical laboratories over the past decade. One way to achieve this is to create a reaction cycle, in which the forward reaction is driven by a chemical fuel and the backward reaction follows a different pathway. Such dissipative reaction networks are still relatively rare, however, and most non-enzymatic examples are based on the carbodiimide-driven generation of carboxylic acid anhydrides. In this work, we describe a dissipative reaction network that comprises the chemically fueled formation of phosphoramidates from natural ribonucleotides (e.g., GMP or AMP) and phosphoramidate hydrolysis as a mild backward reaction. Because the individual reactions are subject to a multitude of interconnected parameters, the software-assisted tool "Design of Experiments" (DoE) was a great asset for optimizing and understanding the network. One notable insight was the stark effect of the nucleophilic catalyst 1-ethylimidazole (EtIm) on the hydrolysis rate, which is reminiscent of the action of the histidine group in phosphoramidase enzymes (e.g., HINT1). We were also able to use the reaction cycle to generate transient self-assemblies, which were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), confocal microscopy (CLSM), and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Because these compartments are based on prebiotically plausible building blocks, our findings may have relevance for origin-of-life scenarios.

摘要

在过去的十年中,化学实验室中已经创建和研究了越来越多的非平衡系统。实现这一目标的一种方法是创建一个反应循环,其中正向反应由化学燃料驱动,而反向反应遵循不同的途径。然而,这种耗散反应网络仍然相对较少,大多数非酶的例子都是基于碳二亚胺驱动羧酸酐的生成。在这项工作中,我们描述了一个耗散反应网络,该网络包括从天然核苷酸(如 GMP 或 AMP)化学燃料形成磷酸酰胺以及磷酸酰胺水解作为温和的反向反应。由于单个反应受到多种相互关联的参数的影响,软件辅助工具“实验设计”(DoE)对于优化和理解网络非常有帮助。一个值得注意的见解是亲核催化剂 1-乙基咪唑(EtIm)对水解速率的明显影响,这让人联想到磷酸酰胺酶(如 HINT1)中组氨酸基团的作用。我们还能够利用反应循环生成瞬态自组装体,这些自组装体通过动态光散射(DLS)、共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)和低温透射电子显微镜(cryo-TEM)进行表征。由于这些隔间基于前生物上合理的构建块,我们的发现可能与生命起源的情景有关。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1b02/9413217/773f83837ebe/ja2c05861_0002.jpg

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