Ferroni Letizia, De Francesco Francesco, Pinton Paolo, Gardin Chiara, Zavan Barbara
Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery-Hand Surgery Unit, Azienda 'Ospedali Riuniti' Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
Methods Cell Biol. 2022;171:215-228. doi: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.04.011. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
The use of adipose tissue has seen increasing interest in recent years for treating plastic surgery defects and for regenerative medicine applications. Adipose tissue is considered an optimal source of stem cells, as it contains more multipotent cells than bone marrow for the same volume. The adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), isolated from the heterogeneous stromal vascular fraction (SVF), possess self-renewal properties and multilineage differentiation potential. In addition, adipose tissue can be obtained with less invasive procedures and patient morbidity than other tissue. For these reasons, numerous enzymatic, and non-enzymatic isolation methods have been developed over the years. The traditional method for isolation and culture of primary ADSCs from adipose tissue relies on enzymatic digestion with collagenase, followed by multiple steps of centrifugation. Alternative non-enzymatic isolation methods are based closed, sterile, and safe isolation processes that differ from each other for parameters such as the centrifugation force, pressure, filtration, and washing. Despite the existence of this multitude of systems, the best isolation method has not been identified to date. Therefore, the great challenge remains the achievement of the standardization of cellular products to allow the comparability between clinical studies and trials.
近年来，脂肪组织在治疗整形手术缺陷和再生医学应用方面越来越受到关注。脂肪组织被认为是干细胞的最佳来源，因为相同体积下它所含的多能细胞比骨髓更多。从异质性的基质血管成分（SVF）中分离出的脂肪组织来源干细胞（ADSCs）具有自我更新特性和多向分化潜能。此外，与其他组织相比，获取脂肪组织的手术侵入性更小，对患者的伤害也更小。基于这些原因，多年来已开发出许多酶法和非酶法分离方法。从脂肪组织中分离和培养原代ADSCs的传统方法是先用胶原酶进行酶消化，然后经过多步离心。替代性的非酶法分离方法基于封闭、无菌且安全的分离过程，这些过程在离心力、压力、过滤和洗涤等参数方面各不相同。尽管存在众多这样的系统，但迄今为止尚未确定最佳的分离方法。因此，巨大的挑战仍然是实现细胞产品的标准化，以使临床研究和试验之间具有可比性。
