Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080, Lublin, Poland.
Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2013 Dec;18(4):479-93. doi: 10.2478/s11658-013-0101-4. Epub 2013 Aug 14.
The stromal-vascular cell fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue can be an abundant source of both multipotent and pluripotent stem cells, known as adipose-derived stem cells or adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). The SVF also contains vascular cells, targeted progenitor cells, and preadipocytes. Stromal cells isolated from adipose tissue express common surface antigens, show the ability to adhere to plastic, and produce forms that resemble fibroblasts. They are characterized by a high proliferation potential and the ability to differentiate into cells of meso-, ecto- and endodermal origin. Although stem cells obtained from an adult organism have smaller capabilities for differentiation in comparison to embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSs), the cost of obtaining them is significantly lower. The 40 years of research that mainly focused on the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) revealed a number of negative factors: the painful sampling procedure, frequent complications, and small cell yield. The number of stem cells in adipose tissue is relatively large, and obtaining them is less invasive. Sampling through simple procedures such as liposuction performed under local anesthesia is less painful, ensuring patient comfort. The isolated cells are easily grown in culture, and they retain their properties over many passages. That is why adipose tissue has recently been treated as an attractive alternative source of stem cells. Essential aspects of ADSC biology and their use in regenerative medicine will be analyzed in this article.
脂肪组织的基质血管细胞部分（SVF）可以成为丰富的多能和多能干细胞来源，这些干细胞被称为脂肪来源的干细胞或脂肪组织来源的基质细胞（ADSCs）。SVF 还包含血管细胞、靶向祖细胞和前脂肪细胞。从脂肪组织中分离出的基质细胞表达常见的表面抗原，具有黏附于塑料的能力，并产生类似于成纤维细胞的形态。它们的特点是具有高增殖潜能和分化为中胚层、外胚层和内胚层来源细胞的能力。尽管与胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞（iPS 细胞）相比，从成年生物体获得的干细胞在分化能力方面较小，但获得它们的成本要低得多。40 年来，主要集中在骨髓干细胞（BMSCs）潜力研究揭示了一些负面因素：痛苦的取样程序、频繁的并发症和细胞产量小。脂肪组织中的干细胞数量相对较多，获取它们的侵入性较小。通过局部麻醉下进行的吸脂等简单程序进行取样，痛苦较小，确保了患者的舒适度。分离出的细胞在培养中很容易生长，并且在许多传代中保留其特性。这就是为什么最近脂肪组织被视为有吸引力的干细胞替代来源。本文将分析 ADSC 生物学的基本方面及其在再生医学中的应用。
