Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Biomaterials. 2022 Sep;288:121675. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121675. Epub 2022 Jul 18.
Valvular heart diseases (VHDs) are currently treated using either mechanical or bioprosthetic heart valves. Unfortunately, mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation therapy, and bioprosthetic valves calcify and degrade over time, requiring subsequent valve replacement surgeries. Besides, both valves cannot grow with patients. Heart valve tissue engineering uses scaffolds as valve replacements with the potential to grow with patents, function indefinitely, and not require anticoagulation medication. These scaffolds provide three-dimensional supports for cellular adhesion and growth, leading to tissue formation and, finally, a new functional heart valve development. Heart valve scaffolds are made of either polymeric materials or decellularized tissue obtained from allogeneic or xenogeneic sources. This review discusses processes for preparing decellularized heart valve scaffolds, including decellularization, crosslinking, surface-coating, and sterilization. We also examine the predominant issues in scaffold development. Further, decellularized heart valve scaffold function in vitro and in vivo is evaluated.
心脏瓣膜病（VHD）目前采用机械或生物瓣进行治疗。不幸的是，机械瓣膜需要终身抗凝治疗，而生物瓣会随着时间的推移钙化和降解，需要后续进行瓣膜置换手术。此外，这两种瓣膜都不能随患者生长。心脏瓣膜组织工程使用支架作为瓣膜替代物，具有随患者生长、无限期发挥功能和无需抗凝药物的潜力。这些支架为细胞黏附和生长提供了三维支撑，导致组织形成，最终开发出具有新功能的心脏瓣膜。心脏瓣膜支架由聚合物材料或从同种异体或异种来源获得的去细胞组织制成。本文讨论了制备去细胞心脏瓣膜支架的过程，包括去细胞化、交联、表面涂层和灭菌。我们还研究了支架开发中的主要问题。此外，还评估了去细胞心脏瓣膜支架在体外和体内的功能。
