Pascual Cristina, Rodríguez-Canul Rossanna, Huchin-Mian Juan Pablo, Mascaró Maite, Briones-Fourzán Patricia, Lozano-Álvarez Enrique, Sánchez Ariadna, Escalante Karla
Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Hunucmá 97356, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Unidad Mérida, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Hunucmá 97356, Mexico.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug 1;12(15):1951. doi: 10.3390/ani12151951.
Experimental infections have been used to better comprehend the immune system of organisms, and to probe for additives that generate greater resistance and help reduce antibiotic use in aquaculture. We compared the immune response of juveniles of the Caribbean spiny lobster, , infected naturally with virus 1 (PaV1) versus organisms infected experimentally, to determine the analogy between both infectious processes. The immunological response was measured by hemagglutination activity, hemocyte count, and total phenoloxidase activity in plasma and hemocytes in 211 individuals that were either naturally infected (110), or had been injected with viral inoculum and followed for six months (101). The samples were classified into the following four groups according to the severity of the infection: 0, uninfected; 1, lightly; 2, moderately; and 3, severely infected), which was determined on the basis of PCR and histological criteria. A permutational MANOVA showed that both the origin (natural and experimental), and the severity of the infection contributed significantly to explain the variation in the immune response of lobsters. The lack of significance of the interaction term indicated that the immunological response changed with the severity of the infection in a similar way, regardless of its origin. The results of the present study suggest that the experimental viral infection of PaV1 produces a defense response similar to the natural pathways of contagion, and provides the bases to validate an immunological challenge protocol for the first time in crustaceans. The discussion includes the perspective of the conceptual models of immune response within an ecological context.
实验性感染已被用于更好地理解生物体的免疫系统，并探索能够产生更强抵抗力并有助于减少水产养殖中抗生素使用的添加剂。我们比较了自然感染病毒1（PaV1）的加勒比刺龙虾幼体与实验感染的生物体的免疫反应，以确定两种感染过程之间的相似性。通过对211只个体（其中110只为自然感染，101只为注射病毒接种物并跟踪六个月）的血浆和血细胞中的血凝活性、血细胞计数以及总酚氧化酶活性来测量免疫反应。根据感染的严重程度，将样本分为以下四组：0组，未感染；1组，轻度感染；2组，中度感染；3组，重度感染，这是根据PCR和组织学标准确定的。一项置换多变量方差分析表明，感染的来源（自然感染和实验感染）以及严重程度均对解释龙虾免疫反应的变化有显著贡献。交互项不显著表明，无论感染来源如何，免疫反应随感染严重程度的变化方式相似。本研究结果表明，PaV1的实验性病毒感染产生的防御反应与自然传播途径相似，并首次为验证甲壳类动物的免疫挑战方案提供了依据。讨论包括生态背景下免疫反应概念模型的观点。
