Department of Architecture, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 31;19(15):9390. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159390.
Open spaces on campus offer various opportunities for students. However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected students' comfort when occupying open spaces on campus. The purpose of this study is to investigate possible spatial adaptation strategies for safe campus open spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this research, a case study was conducted using a mixed methodology with behavioral mapping that investigated students' perceptions at Korea University, Seoul, Korea. A qualitative approach was first conducted with behavioral mapping; the results show that despite some behavioral and spatial changes, people still occupy open spaces on campus for various meaningful activities. A quantitative approach with structural equation modeling (SEM) was also conducted to understand the required spatial modifications to improve the safety of open spaces on campus. The positive correlation between (i) social distancing measures, (ii) health protocols, and (iii) accessibility and occupational comfort with (iv) individuals' fear of COVID-19 as a positive moderation are the four hypotheses proposed in this study. The results suggest that social distancing measures have no correlation with occupational comfort, while accessibility has the largest positive correlation. Suggestions are presented for providing accessible and equally distributed open spaces on campus to avoid overcrowding. Spatial health protocols are also found to positively correlate with occupational comfort, and the perception of the severity of COVID-19 strengthens this correlation. Tangible physical measures to prevent the spread of the virus are necessary to improve students' sense of comfort and safety in open spaces on campus.
校园开放空间为学生提供了各种机会。然而，冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行影响了学生在校园开放空间的舒适度。本研究的目的是调查 COVID-19 大流行期间安全校园开放空间的可能空间适应策略。为此，本研究采用混合方法进行了案例研究，使用行为映射法调查了韩国首尔高丽大学的学生感知。首先采用行为映射法进行了定性研究；结果表明，尽管人们的行为和空间发生了一些变化，但他们仍然在校园开放空间进行各种有意义的活动。还采用结构方程建模（SEM）进行了定量研究，以了解改善校园开放空间安全性所需的空间修改。本研究提出了四个假设，即（i）社交距离措施、（ii）卫生协议和（iii）可达性与（iv）个人对 COVID-19 的恐惧之间存在正相关关系，而后者作为积极的调节因素。结果表明，社交距离措施与职业舒适度没有相关性，而可达性与职业舒适度的相关性最大。建议提供可及且分布均匀的校园开放空间，以避免过度拥挤。还发现空间卫生协议与职业舒适度呈正相关，而 COVID-19 的严重程度感知则加强了这种相关性。为了提高学生在校园开放空间的舒适感和安全感，有必要采取防止病毒传播的有形物理措施。
