College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 2;19(15):9481. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159481.
Over the past few decades, the supply of beef has increasingly become available with the great improvement of the quality of life, especially in developing countries. However, along with the demand for meat products of high quality and the transformation of dietary structure, the impact of massive agricultural greenhouse gas emissions on the environmental load cannot be ignored. Therefore, the objective of this study is to predict the annual greenhouse gas emissions of 10 million heads of beef cattle under both the ecological cycle model (EC model) and the non-ecological cycle model (non-EC model), respectively, in order to compare the differences between these two production models in each process, and thus explore which one is more sustainable and environmentally friendly. To this end, through the life cycle assessment (LCA), this paper performs relevant calculations according to the methodology of 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (2019 IPCC Inventories). The results have shown that the total GHG emissions of the non-EC model were almost 4 times higher than those of the EC model, and feed-grain cultivation and manure management were main emission sources in both models. The non-EC model produced significantly more emissions than the EC model in each kind of GHG, especially the largest gap between these two was in CO emissions that accounted for 68.01% and 56.17% of the respective planting and breeding systems. This study demonstrates that the transformation of a beef cattle breeding model has a significant direct impact on cutting agricultural GHG emissions, and persuades other countries in the similar situation to vigorously advocate ecological cycling breeding model instead of the traditional ones so that promotes coordinated development between planting industry and beef cattle breeding industry.
在过去几十年中，随着生活质量的提高，牛肉的供应越来越充足，尤其是在发展中国家。然而，随着人们对高质量肉类产品的需求以及饮食结构的转变，大量农业温室气体排放对环境负荷的影响不容忽视。因此，本研究的目的是分别预测生态循环模型（EC 模型）和非生态循环模型（非-EC 模型）下 1000 万头牛的年温室气体排放量，以比较这两种生产模型在每个过程中的差异，从而探索哪种生产模式更可持续和环保。为此，本文通过生命周期评估（LCA），根据 2019 年对 2006 年《IPCC 国家温室气体清单指南》的修订（2019 年 IPCC 清单）的方法进行了相关计算。结果表明，非-EC 模型的总 GHG 排放量几乎是非 EC 模型的 4 倍，饲料谷物种植和粪便管理是非 EC 模型和 EC 模型中的主要排放源。非 EC 模型在每种温室气体的排放量都明显高于 EC 模型，特别是在 CO2 排放方面，非 EC 模型和 EC 模型分别占各自种植和养殖系统的 68.01%和 56.17%，这两个模型之间的差距最大。本研究表明，转变肉牛养殖模式对减少农业温室气体排放具有显著的直接影响，并说服其他类似情况的国家大力倡导生态循环养殖模式，而不是传统模式，从而促进种植业和养牛业的协调发展。
