Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 539 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 411 Lafayette Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 5;19(15):9649. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159649.
School nutrition programs (SNP) provide much needed access to fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods at low or no cost. Yet, the infrastructure of school kitchens and cafeteria vary across schools, potentially contributing to systematic barriers for SNP operation and equity. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between school infrastructure and outcomes including meal participation, untraditional lunch periods, and having an open campus. Regression analyses were conducted using administrative data for 1804 schools and school nutrition manager survey data ( = 821) in New York City (NYC). Co-location was significantly associated with open campus status (OR = 2.84, CI: 1.11, 7.26) and high school breakfast participation (β = -0.056, = 0.003). Overcrowding was associated with breakfast (elementary: β = -0.046, = 0.03; middle: β = 0.051, = 0.04; high: β = 0.042, = 0.04) and lunch participation (elementary: β = -0.031, = 0.01) and untraditional lunchtimes (elementary: OR = 2.47, CI: 1.05, 5.83). Higher enrollment to cafeteria capacity ratios was associated with breakfast (elementary: β = -0.025, = 0.02) and lunch (elementary: β = -0.015, = 0.001; high: β = 0.014, = 0.02) participation and untraditional lunchtimes (middle: OR = 1.66, CI: 1.03, 2.68). Infrastructure characteristics are an important source of variation across NYC schools that may hinder the equity of school nutrition programs across the city.
学校营养计划（SNP）以低价或免费的方式为学生提供了大量急需的水果、蔬菜和其他健康食品。然而，学校的厨房和自助餐厅基础设施各不相同，这可能导致 SNP 运营和公平性面临系统性障碍。本文旨在研究学校基础设施与各种结果之间的关联，包括用餐参与度、非传统午餐时段和开放校园等。研究采用了纽约市（NYC）的行政数据（n=1804 所学校）和学校营养经理调查数据（n=821），进行了回归分析。共同定位与开放校园状态（OR=2.84，CI：1.11，7.26）和高中早餐参与度（β=-0.056， = 0.003）显著相关。过度拥挤与早餐（小学：β=-0.046， = 0.03；中学：β=0.051， = 0.04；高中：β=0.042， = 0.04）和午餐参与度（小学：β=-0.031， = 0.01）以及非传统午餐时间（小学：OR=2.47，CI：1.05，5.83）相关。更大的学生与自助餐厅容量比与早餐（小学：β=-0.025， = 0.02）和午餐（小学：β=-0.015， = 0.001；高中：β=0.014， = 0.02）参与度和非传统午餐时间（中学：OR=1.66，CI：1.03，2.68）相关。基础设施特征是 NYC 学校之间差异的重要来源，可能会阻碍全市学校营养计划的公平性。
