Bahrami Maryam, Talebnejad Rezvan, Sepaskhah Ali Reza, Bazile Didier
Water Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran.
Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Aug 5;11(15):2048. doi: 10.3390/plants11152048.
Sustainable field crop management has been considered to reach the food security issue due to global warming and water scarcity. The effect of deficit irrigation and nitrogen rates on quinoa yield is a challenging issue in those areas. In this regard, the interaction effects of different N rates (0, 125, 250, and 375 kg N ha) and irrigation regimes [full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation at 0.75 FI and 0.5 FI] on quinoa yield and water and nitrogen efficiencies were evaluated with a two-year field experiment. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application levels from 250 to 375 kg N ha under FI and deficit irrigation did not cause a significant difference in seed yield and the total dry matter of quinoa. Furthermore, 20% and 34% reductions were observed for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen yield efficiency with the application of 375 kg N ha compared with that obtained in 250 kg N ha nitrogen fertilizer, respectively. Therefore, a Nitrogen application rate of 250 kg ha and applying 0.75 FI is suggested as the optimum rate to reach the highest seed water use efficiency (0.7 kg m) and NUE (0.28 kg m) to gain 4.12 Mg ha quinoa seed yield. Under non-limited water resource conditions, an FI and N application rate of 375 kg ha could be used for higher seed yield; however, under water-deficit regimes, an N application rate of 250 kg ha could be adequate. However, questions about which environmental factors impressively restricted the quinoa growth for optimizing the potential yield need further investigation.
由于全球变暖和水资源短缺，可持续的大田作物管理被认为是解决粮食安全问题的途径。在这些地区，亏缺灌溉和施氮量对藜麦产量的影响是一个具有挑战性的问题。在这方面，通过为期两年的田间试验，评估了不同施氮量（0、125、250和375千克氮/公顷）和灌溉制度[充分灌溉（FI）以及0.75 FI和0.5 FI的亏缺灌溉]对藜麦产量、水分和氮素利用效率的交互作用。在充分灌溉和亏缺灌溉条件下，将氮肥施用量从250千克氮/公顷增加到375千克氮/公顷，藜麦的种子产量和总干物质没有显著差异。此外，与250千克氮/公顷的氮肥施用量相比，施用375千克氮/公顷时，氮素利用效率（NUE）和氮素产量效率分别降低了20%和34%。因此，建议施氮量为250千克/公顷并采用0.75 FI作为最佳施氮量，以达到最高的种子水分利用效率（0.7千克/立方米）和氮素利用效率（0.28千克/立方米），从而获得4.12吨/公顷的藜麦种子产量。在水资源不受限制的条件下，充分灌溉和375千克/公顷的施氮量可用于获得更高的种子产量；然而，在缺水条件下，250千克/公顷的施氮量可能就足够了。然而，关于哪些环境因素对藜麦生长产生显著限制以优化潜在产量的问题，还需要进一步研究。
