Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
Pepmetics Inc., 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 29;27(15):4854. doi: 10.3390/molecules27154854.
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension and potentially in SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit inverse agonist effects at angiotensin AR1 receptors, suggesting the receptor may have evolved to accommodate naturally occurring angiotensin 'antipeptides'. Screening of the human genome has identified a peptide (EGVYVHPV) encoded by mRNA, complementary to that encoding ANG II itself, which is an inverse agonist. Thus, opposite strands of DNA encode peptides with opposite effects at AR1 receptors. Agonism and inverse agonism at AR1 receptors can be explained by a receptor 'switching' between an activated state invoking receptor dimerization/G protein coupling and an inverse agonist state mediated by an alternative/second messenger that is slow to reverse. Both receptor states appear to be driven by the formation of the ANG II charge-relay system involving TyrOH-His/imidazole-Carboxylate (analogous to serine proteases). In this system, tyrosinate species formed are essential for activating AT1 and AT2 receptors. ANGII is also known to bind to the zinc-coordinated metalloprotease angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) used by the COVID-19 virus to enter cells. Here we report in silico results demonstrating the binding of a new class of anionic biphenyl-tetrazole sartans ('Bisartans') to the active site zinc atom of the endopeptidase Neprilysin (NEP) involved in regulating hypertension, by modulating humoral levels of beneficial vasoactive peptides in the RAS such as vasodilator angiotensin (1-7). In vivo and modeling evidence further suggest Bisartans can inhibit ANG II-induced pulmonary edema and may be useful in combatting SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting ACE2-mediated viral entry to cells.
血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARBs)在治疗高血压和 SARS-CoV-2 感染方面有潜在作用,在血管紧张素 AR1 受体上表现出反向激动剂效应,这表明该受体可能已经进化以适应天然存在的血管紧张素“抗肽”。对人类基因组的筛选发现了一种由 mRNA 编码的肽(EGVYVHPV),与编码 ANG II 本身的互补,这是一种反向激动剂。因此,DNA 的相反链编码在 AR1 受体上具有相反作用的肽。AR1 受体的激动作用和反向激动作用可以通过受体“切换”来解释,这种切换在激活状态下会引起受体二聚化/G 蛋白偶联,而在反向激动状态下则由替代/第二信使介导,这种替代/第二信使的反转速度较慢。这两种受体状态似乎都受到 ANG II 电荷传递系统的形成的驱动,该系统涉及 TyrOH-His/咪唑-羧酸(类似于丝氨酸蛋白酶)。在这个系统中,形成的酪氨酸物种对于激活 AT1 和 AT2 受体是必不可少的。ANGII 也已知与锌协调的金属蛋白酶血管紧张素转换酶 2(ACE2)结合,COVID-19 病毒就是利用 ACE2 进入细胞。在这里,我们报告了计算机模拟结果,证明了一类新的阴离子联苯-四唑沙坦(“Bisartans”)与参与调节高血压的内肽酶 Neprilysin(NEP)的活性部位锌原子结合,通过调节 RAS 中有益的血管活性肽(如血管舒张素血管紧张素(1-7))的体液水平。体内和模型证据进一步表明,Bisartans 可以抑制 ANG II 诱导的肺水肿,并且通过抑制 ACE2 介导的病毒进入细胞,可能对治疗 SARS-CoV-2 感染有用。
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