Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jul 26;13:929316. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929316. eCollection 2022.
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment associated with sepsis that occurs in the absence of direct infection in the central nervous system or structural brain damage. Microglia are thought to be macrophages of the central nervous system, devouring bits of neuronal cells and dead cells in the brain. They are activated in various ways, and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is characteristic of central nervous system diseases, including SAE. Here, we systematically described the pathogenesis of SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of SAE. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed the function and phenotype of microglia and summarized their activation mechanism and role in SAE pathogenesis. Finally, this review summarizes recent studies on treating cognitive impairment in SAE by blocking microglial activation and toxic factors produced after activation. We suggest that targeting microglial activation may be a putative treatment for SAE.
脓毒症相关性脑病（SAE）是一种与脓毒症相关的认知障碍，发生在中枢神经系统没有直接感染或结构脑损伤的情况下。小胶质细胞被认为是中枢神经系统的巨噬细胞，吞噬神经元细胞和大脑中死亡细胞的碎片。它们通过多种方式被激活，小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症是包括 SAE 在内的中枢神经系统疾病的特征。在这里，我们系统地描述了 SAE 的发病机制，并表明小胶质细胞与 SAE 的发生和发展密切相关。此外，我们全面讨论了小胶质细胞的功能和表型，并总结了它们在 SAE 发病机制中的激活机制和作用。最后，本综述总结了最近通过阻断小胶质细胞激活和激活后产生的毒性因子来治疗 SAE 认知障碍的研究。我们建议针对小胶质细胞激活可能是治疗 SAE 的一种有希望的方法。
