Thelen E, Cooke D W
Dev Med Child Neurol. 1987 Jun;29(3):380-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1987.tb02492.x.
The relationship between newborn stepping and later walking was examined by means of new kinematic and electromyographic data. Stepping movements of a group of 18 normal infants were compared at one and two months of age, at one and two months before the first independent steps, and at the month when these first steps occurred. Stepping in the first month was characterized by tight synchronization of hip, knee and ankle movements, but as early as two months the ankle-joint began to move out of phase with the hip and knee. Before independent walking a more adult-like pattern continued to emerge, with the knee leading the hip in flexion. However, with the onset of walking, primitive characteristics of newborn stepping remained, including ankle hyperextension at the end of the step, hyperflexion of the hip and knee and excessive muscle activation. These results suggest that mature walking may evolve from the newborn stereotyped movement pattern. It is suggested that these gradual changes in the organization of the step are evoked by the dynamic functional demands of upright locomotion, in addition to balance, postural control and strength development in the first year of life.
通过新的运动学和肌电图数据研究了新生儿踏步与后期行走之间的关系。对一组18名正常婴儿在1个月和2个月大时、首次独立行走前1个月和2个月时以及首次独立行走的那个月的踏步动作进行了比较。第1个月的踏步特点是髋、膝和踝关节运动紧密同步，但早在2个月时踝关节就开始与髋和膝不同步运动。在独立行走之前，一种更类似成人的模式继续出现，即膝关节在屈曲时领先于髋关节。然而，随着行走的开始，新生儿踏步的原始特征仍然存在，包括踏步结束时踝关节过度伸展、髋和膝关节过度屈曲以及肌肉过度激活。这些结果表明，成熟的行走可能从新生儿刻板的运动模式演变而来。有人认为，除了生命第一年的平衡、姿势控制和力量发展外，直立行走的动态功能需求引发了踏步组织的这些逐渐变化。
