The apex of the deep cartilage is a stable landmark to evaluate the femoral tunnel position in ACL reconstruction.

PURPOSE

To develop a simple and effective method for evaluating the femoral tunnel position using the apex of the deep cartilage (ADC) as the landmark.

METHODS

A total of 52 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction were recruited between June and September 2021. The femoral tunnel was placed on the central point of the anteromedial footprint with an accessory anteromedial and a high anterolateral portal. Then, the length from the ADC to the shallow cartilage margin (L) and to the center of the femoral tunnel (l), as well as the center to the low cartilage margin (H, intraoperative height), was measured under arthroscopy and on postoperative CT scans (L, l and H). Moreover, intraoperative and postoperative cartilage ratios were equivalent to l/L and l/L, respectively. Linear regression, Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to evaluate the consistency between these two measurements of cartilage ratio (l/L) and height (H).

RESULTS

The mean age at the time of surgery was 28.7 years; 42 patients were male, and 17 patients were hurt in the left knee among 52 patients. The intraoperative cartilage ratio was 0.37 ± 0.04, and the height was 8.1 ± 1.1 mm with almost perfect inter-observer reproducibility. After the surgery, the cartilage ratio and height were measured as 0.39 ± 0.04 and 8.2 ± 1.3 mm on 3D-CT, respectively, with almost perfect intra- and inter-observer reproducibility. Significant positive correlations and linear regression were detected in the cartilage ratio (r = 0.844, p < 0.001), and height (r = 0.926, p < 0.001) intraoperatively and postoperatively. The Bland-Altman plot also showed excellent consistency between arthroscopy and 3D-CT.

CONCLUSIONS

The ADC is a good landmark in the assessment of femoral tunnel position, with excellent consistency between intraoperative arthroscopic measurements and postoperative 3D-CT.

CLINICALTRIALS

gov Identifier: NCT04937517.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level III.