Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 3, Academic Lavrentiev Avenue, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova Street, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Talanta. 2023 Jan 1;251:123792. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123792. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
This article is devoted to a review of studies on the determination of trace elements in germanium and germanium dioxide. For this purpose, methods both with and without preliminary matrix separation procedure have been developed and applied. The advantage of methods without a matrix separation procedure is simple and fast sample preparation, since it does not require specific devices or installations. On the other hand, the limits of detection (LODs) of trace elements remain relatively high, and the germanium matrix effect occurs when attempts are made to lower them. Since germanium and germanium dioxide are currently among the purest substances, the purest germanium containing trace elements at the level of pg g are used for producing nuclear radiation detectors. Therefore, to achieve low LODs for trace elements, a matrix separation procedure is conducted. Another positive point is that preliminary germanium separation leads to a decrease in the matrix effect. In the article the matrix separation procedure performed by various methods is considered. These procedures can be classified into open, closed or flow kinds, depending on the type of installation. Germanium is usually separated in the form of tetrahalide, most commonly, tetrachloride. For the determination of trace elements in germanium and germanium dioxide, single element methods (atomic absorption spectrometry) and multielement methods (atomic emission spectrometry, mass-spectrometry, neutron activation analysis) are used. In this article, these methods are compared in terms of the number of elements determined and the LODs.
本文致力于综述锗和二氧化锗中微量元素的测定研究。为此，开发并应用了有和没有预先基体分离程序的方法。无基体分离程序方法的优点在于简单快速的样品制备，因为它不需要特定的设备或装置。另一方面，当试图降低检测限（LOD）时，微量元素的检测限仍然相对较高，并且会出现锗基体效应。由于锗和二氧化锗目前是最纯净的物质之一，最纯净的含微量元素的锗（pg g 级）用于生产核辐射探测器。因此，为了实现微量元素的低检测限，需要进行基体分离程序。另一个积极的方面是，预先进行的锗分离会降低基体效应。本文考虑了各种方法进行的基体分离程序。这些程序可以根据安装的类型分为开放式、封闭式或流动式。锗通常以四卤化物的形式，最常见的是四氯化物进行分离。对于锗和二氧化锗中微量元素的测定，使用单元素方法（原子吸收光谱法）和多元素方法（原子发射光谱法、质谱法、中子活化分析）。在本文中，这些方法在测定的元素数量和检测限方面进行了比较。
