National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Environ Res. 2022 Nov;214(Pt 4):114080. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114080. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
A number of studies suggest that meteorological conditions are related to the risk of Legionnaires' disease (LD) but the findings are not consistent. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the association of weather with sporadic LD and highlight the key meteorological conditions related to this outcome. PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and OpenGrey were searched on 26-27 March 2020 without date, language or location restrictions. Key words included "legionellosis", "legionnaires' disease", combined with "meteorological conditions", "weather", "temperature", "humidity", "rain", "ultraviolet rays", "wind speed", etc. Studies were excluded if they did not examine the exposure of interest, the outcome of interest and their association or if they only reported LD outbreak cases. The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and it was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42020168869). There were 811 articles, of which 17 were included in the review. The studies investigated different meteorological variables and most of them examined the combined effect of several variables. The most commonly examined factors were precipitation and temperature, followed by relative humidity. The studies suggested that increased precipitation, temperature and relative humidity were positively associated with the incidence of LD. There was limited evidence that higher wind speed, pressure, visibility, UV radiation and longer sunshine duration were inversely linked with the occurrence of LD. A period of increased but not very high temperatures, followed by a period of increased precipitation, favour the occurrence of LD. Increased awareness of the association of temperature and precipitation and LD occurrence among clinicians and public health professionals can improve differential diagnosis for cases of sporadic community-acquired pneumonia and at the same time contribute to improving LD surveillance.
许多研究表明气象条件与军团病（LD）的风险有关，但结果并不一致。本系统评价旨在调查天气与散发性 LD 的关系，并强调与该结果相关的关键气象条件。于 2020 年 3 月 26 日至 27 日在 PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library 和 OpenGrey 进行了检索，未设置日期、语言或地点限制。关键词包括“军团病”、“军团病”，结合“气象条件”、“天气”、“温度”、“湿度”、“雨”、“紫外线”、“风速”等。如果研究未检查感兴趣的暴露、感兴趣的结果及其相关性，或者仅报告 LD 暴发病例，则将其排除在外。该研究按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行，并在 PROSPERO 中进行了注册（#CRD42020168869）。共检索到 811 篇文章，其中 17 篇被纳入综述。这些研究调查了不同的气象变量，其中大多数研究检验了几个变量的综合效应。最常检查的因素是降水和温度，其次是相对湿度。研究表明，降水、温度和相对湿度增加与 LD 发病率呈正相关。有有限的证据表明，较高的风速、气压、能见度、紫外线辐射和较长的日照时间与 LD 的发生呈负相关。一段适度但不非常高的温度增加，随后是一段降水增加，有利于 LD 的发生。临床医生和公共卫生专业人员对温度和降水与 LD 发生之间的关联的认识提高，可以改善散发性社区获得性肺炎病例的鉴别诊断，同时有助于改善 LD 的监测。
