Paesa Monica, Alejo Teresa, Garcia-Alvarez Felicito, Arruebo Manuel, Mendoza Gracia
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Aragón Materials Science Institute, ICMA, Zaragoza, Spain.
Health Research Institute Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2023 Mar;15(2):e1844. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1844. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint pathology that has become a predominant cause of disability worldwide. Even though the origin and evolution of OA rely on different factors that are not yet elucidated nor understood, the development of novel strategies to treat OA has emerged in the last years. Cartilage degradation is the main hallmark of the pathology though alterations in bone and synovial inflammation, among other comorbidities, are also involved during OA progression. From a molecular point of view, a vast amount of signaling pathways are implicated in the progression of the disease, opening up a wide plethora of targets to attenuate or even halt OA. The main purpose of this review is to shed light on the recent strategies published based on nanotechnology for the early diagnosis of the disease as well as the most promising nano-enabling therapeutic approaches validated in preclinical models. To address the clinical issue, the key pathways involved in OA initiation and progression are described as the main potential targets for OA prevention and early treatment. Furthermore, an overview of current therapeutic strategies is depicted. Finally, to solve the drawbacks of current treatments, nanobiomedicine has shown demonstrated benefits when using drug delivery systems compared with the administration of the equivalent doses of the free drugs and the potential of disease-modifying OA drugs when using nanosystems. We anticipate that the development of smart and specific bioresponsive and biocompatible nanosystems will provide a solid and promising basis for effective OA early diagnosis and treatment. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种常见的慢性关节疾病，已成为全球致残的主要原因。尽管OA的起源和演变依赖于尚未阐明和理解的不同因素，但近年来出现了治疗OA的新策略。软骨降解是该疾病的主要标志，不过在OA进展过程中，骨骼改变、滑膜炎症及其他合并症也会参与其中。从分子角度来看，大量信号通路与该疾病的进展有关，这为减轻甚至阻止OA提供了众多靶点。本综述的主要目的是阐明基于纳米技术的疾病早期诊断最新策略，以及在临床前模型中得到验证的最有前景的纳米辅助治疗方法。为解决临床问题，描述了OA起始和进展过程中涉及的关键通路，作为OA预防和早期治疗的主要潜在靶点。此外，还概述了当前的治疗策略。最后，为解决当前治疗的缺点，与等效剂量的游离药物给药相比，纳米生物医学在使用药物递送系统时已显示出优势，并且在使用纳米系统时疾病修饰性OA药物具有潜力。我们预计，智能且特异性的生物响应性和生物相容性纳米系统的开发将为有效的OA早期诊断和治疗提供坚实且有前景的基础。本文分类如下：诊断工具>体内纳米诊断与成像；可植入材料与手术技术>组织修复与置换中的纳米技术。
