Paesa Mónica, Izquierdo Mauricio David, Remírez de Ganuza Cristina, Ferreira-Santos Pedro, Rodríguez-Yoldi María Jesús, Mendoza Gracia
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 10;15(1):24865. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-09822-1.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and pain. Recent studies have focused on the potential of active phenolic compounds as a treatment for OA, owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroprotective effects. Specifically, Boletus edulis (BE) extracts, a natural product from mushrooms, have been shown as significantly active compounds against oxidative stress and inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective potential of BE extracts, primarily composed of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, in OA in vitro models. Our results showed that cell treatment with 250 µg/mL of BE extracts maintained cell viability above 70% without affecting apoptosis or cell cycle. At the molecular level, BE extracts exerted anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1)) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. Additionally, BE extracts treatment demonstrated a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 13 (MMP-3, MMP-13) expression, while avoiding the depletion in the expression of chondrogenic markers, aggrecan and collagen II. Furthermore, inflammation was also significantly reduced through the inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation. These findings suggest that BE extracts may provide a promising basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of OA, reducing inflammation and chondrocytes damage.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种以炎症、软骨退变和疼痛为特征的关节疾病。最近的研究聚焦于活性酚类化合物作为OA治疗方法的潜力，这归因于它们的抗炎、抗氧化和软骨保护作用。具体而言，美味牛肝菌（BE）提取物，一种来自蘑菇的天然产物，已被证明是对抗氧化应激和炎症的显著活性化合物。我们的目的是评估主要由酚类化合物和黄酮类化合物组成的BE提取物在OA体外模型中的抗炎和软骨保护潜力。我们的结果表明，用250µg/mL的BE提取物处理细胞可使细胞活力维持在70%以上，且不影响细胞凋亡或细胞周期。在分子水平上，BE提取物通过降低一氧化氮（NO）水平以及脂多糖（LPS）刺激细胞中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、促炎细胞因子和趋化因子（白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、IL-8、（C-X-C基序）配体1（CXCL-1））的表达发挥抗炎作用。此外，BE提取物处理显示基质金属蛋白酶3和13（MMP-3、MMP-13）的表达显著降低，同时避免了软骨生成标志物聚集蛋白聚糖和胶原蛋白II表达的减少。此外，通过抑制p65核转位，炎症也显著减轻。这些发现表明，BE提取物可能为开发治疗OA的新型治疗策略提供有前景的基础，减少炎症和软骨细胞损伤。
