Han Meiaoxue, Luo Guangfu, He Jianfeng, Liang Yantao, Chen Xuechao, Liu Gang, Su Yue, Ge Fuyue, Yu Hao, Zhao Jun, Hao Qiang, Shao Hongbing, Sung Yeong Yik, Mok Wen Jye, Wong Li Lian, McMinn Andrew, Wang Min
College of Marine Life Sciences, Key Lab of Polar Oceanography and Global Ocean Change, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 27;13:941323. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941323. eCollection 2022.
Virioplankton and picoplankton are the most abundant marine biological entities on earth and mediate biogeochemical cycles in the Southern Ocean. However, understanding of their distribution and relationships with environmental factors is lacking. Here, we report on their distribution and relationships with environmental factors at 48 stations from 112.5° to 150°W and 67° to 75.5°S in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica. The epipelagic stations were grouped into four clusters based on the virio- and picoplankton composition and abundance. Clusters three and four, which were associated with the ice-edge blooms in the coastal and Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) areas, had high abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes; this resulted in subsequent high abundances of heterotrophic prokaryotes and viruses. Cluster two stations were in open oceanic areas, where the abundances of autotrophic and heterotrophic picoplankton were low. Cluster one stations were located between the areas of blooms and the oceanic areas, which had a low abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and picoeukaryotes and a high abundance of virioplankton. The abundance of viruses was significantly correlated with the abundances of autotrophic picoeukaryotes and Chl- concentration in oceanic areas, although this reflected a time-lag with autotrophic picoeukaryote and heterotrophic prokaryotes abundances in ice-edge bloom areas. The upwelling of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) might have induced the high abundance of autotrophic picoeukaryotes in the epipelagic zone, and the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) might have induced the high abundance of heterotrophic prokaryotes and virioplankton in the meso- and bathypelagic zones. This study shows that the summer distribution of virio- and picoplankton in the Amundsen Sea of West Antarctica was mainly controlled by upwelling of the CDW and the timing of ice-edge blooms.
浮游病毒和微微型浮游生物是地球上数量最为丰富的海洋生物实体，它们在南大洋的生物地球化学循环中发挥着媒介作用。然而，目前对它们的分布以及与环境因素之间关系的了解仍很匮乏。在此，我们报告了它们在南极西部阿蒙森海112.5°至150°W、67°至75.5°S的48个站点的分布情况以及与环境因素的关系。根据浮游病毒和微微型浮游生物的组成与丰度，上层水体站点被分为四类。与沿海和阿蒙森海多冰区（ASP）的冰缘水华相关的第三和第四类，具有高丰度的自养微微真核生物；这导致随后异养原核生物和病毒的丰度也很高。第二类站点位于开阔海洋区域，那里自养和异养微微型浮游生物的丰度较低。第一类站点位于水华区域和海洋区域之间，其异养原核生物和微微真核生物的丰度较低，而浮游病毒的丰度较高。在海洋区域，病毒丰度与自养微微真核生物的丰度以及叶绿素浓度显著相关，尽管这反映出与冰缘水华区域自养微微真核生物和异养原核生物丰度存在时间滞后。环极深层水（CDW）的上升流可能促使上层水体区域自养微微真核生物丰度升高，而沉降的颗粒有机碳（POC）可能促使中层和深层水体区域异养原核生物和浮游病毒的丰度升高。这项研究表明，南极西部阿蒙森海浮游病毒和微微型浮游生物的夏季分布主要受CDW上升流和冰缘水华时间的控制。
