Yawson Abena Ahwianfoa, Abekah-Nkrumah Gordon, Okai Grace Adjei, Ofori Charles Gyamfi
Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, P.O Box LG 78, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2022 Aug 6;13:20420986221116468. doi: 10.1177/20420986221116468. eCollection 2022.
Spontaneous reporting systems are the commonest means of reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) worldwide. Under-reporting remains a challenge particularly in developing countries among healthcare professionals (HCPs) who are considered the primary stakeholders in the reporting of ADRs. The challenge with studies in countries such as Ghana is that the focus has been on a single professional group or health facility. This study examines the rate of reporting as well as awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward ADR reporting across professional groups (doctors, nurses, and pharmacist) and selected health facilities (ownership types: government, quasi-government, and private; hierarchy: district, regional, and teaching) in Ghana.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to select and interview 424 healthcare professionals (HCPs) from 8 hospitals in the Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana on issues of ADR reporting, awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward ADR reporting. Valid responses from 378 HCPs were obtained and analyzed using frequencies and percentages.
The results suggest that about 82.8% of the HCPs interviewed have come across an ADR incidence, but only 52.6% of them have reported such incidence, with pharmacist (66.7%) being the most likely to report. The results further suggest that about 85.8% of HCPs are aware of ADR reporting procedures and display positive attitudes toward same. In addition, the knowledge of HCPs on ADR reporting is low with training being a major area of need.
There is the need for healthcare managers and the regulator to pay attention to existing gaps in awareness, attitudes, and most importantly knowledge of HCPs on structures and modalities for ADR reporting.
Reporting of unpleasant reactions related to the use of medicinal products has been very low in less developed countries. Studies conducted in Ghana to examine the reporting of unpleasant reactions associated with the use of medicinal products have focused mainly on one health facility or health care provider group. This article examines the level of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward the reporting of unpleasant reactions to the use of medicinal products.The authors used a quantitative method to examine the level of awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward reporting of unpleasant reactions to medicinal products. The study was conducted in eight hospitals in Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana using a structured questionnaire. Only 378 out of 424 healthcare providers returned the completed questionnaire.The findings of the study show that 213 of the healthcare providers have encountered at least one patient with an unpleasant reaction to the use of medicinal products, although only 112 reported the unpleasant reactions. Pharmacists were found to be more likely to report unpleasant reactions as 12 out of 18 pharmacists who responded to the questionnaire indicated that they report the unpleasant reactions seen.In addition, 321 of the healthcare providers knew of the reporting procedures for unpleasant reactions to a medicinal product in Ghana. Only 219 healthcare providers knew of the reporting procedures in the facilities in which they worked, however. Furthermore, the knowledge of healthcare providers on the method of reporting is low.
自发报告系统是全球报告药品不良反应（ADR）最常见的方式。漏报仍然是一个挑战，特别是在发展中国家，医疗保健专业人员（HCP）被视为药品不良反应报告的主要利益相关者。在加纳等国家进行研究面临的挑战在于，研究重点一直放在单一专业群体或医疗机构上。本研究调查了加纳不同专业群体（医生、护士和药剂师）以及选定医疗机构（所有制类型：政府、准政府和私立；层级：地区、区域和教学）对药品不良反应报告的上报率、意识、知识和态度。
进行了一项横断面调查，从加纳大阿克拉和东部地区的8家医院中选取并采访了424名医疗保健专业人员，了解他们在药品不良反应报告、对药品不良反应报告的意识、知识和态度等问题。获得了378名医疗保健专业人员的有效回复，并使用频数和百分比进行分析。
结果表明，约82.8%的受访医疗保健专业人员遇到过药品不良反应事件，但其中只有52.6%的人上报了此类事件，药剂师（66.7%）上报的可能性最大。结果还表明，约85.8%的医疗保健专业人员了解药品不良反应报告程序，并对此持积极态度。此外，医疗保健专业人员对药品不良反应报告的知识水平较低，培训是主要需求领域。
医疗保健管理人员和监管机构有必要关注医疗保健专业人员在药品不良反应报告的结构和方式方面的意识、态度，最重要的是知识方面存在的现有差距。
在欠发达国家，与药品使用相关的不良反应报告率一直很低。在加纳进行的研究，旨在调查与药品使用相关的不良反应报告情况，主要集中在一个医疗机构或医疗服务提供者群体。本文研究了对药品使用不良反应报告的意识、知识和态度水平。作者采用定量方法来研究对药品不良反应报告的意识、知识和态度水平。该研究在加纳大阿克拉和东部地区的8家医院使用结构化问卷进行。424名医疗服务提供者中只有378人返回了完整问卷。研究结果表明，213名医疗服务提供者至少遇到过一名患者有药品使用不良反应，尽管只有112人报告了这些不良反应。发现药剂师更有可能报告不良反应，因为在回复问卷的18名药剂师中有12人表示他们会报告所见的不良反应。此外，321名医疗服务提供者知道加纳药品不良反应报告程序。然而，只有219名医疗服务提供者知道他们工作的机构中的报告程序。此外，医疗服务提供者对报告方法的知识水平较低。
