Adegbuyi Theophilus A, Fadare Joseph O, Araromi Ebisola J, Sijuade Abayomi O, Bankole Iyanu, Fasuba Ilesanmi K, Alabi Rachel A
Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.
Hosp Pharm. 2021 Dec;56(6):751-759. doi: 10.1177/0018578720957968. Epub 2020 Sep 18.
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a significant global healthcare challenge associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs; however, there are concerns that ADRs are grossly under-reported by different categories of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in many countries. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting of HCPs working at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
This was a self-administered questionnaire-based study conducted among HCPs working in Ekiti State, South-west Nigeria. The questionnaire which was adapted from ones used in similar studies was reviewed for content validity by experts in the field. Healthcare professionals (medical doctors, pharmacists, nurses, community health extension workers, and other allied HCPs) working in the 3 tiers of healthcare participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of sections on the demographics of respondents, their knowledge, attitude and practice of ADR reporting. Data analysis was done using SPSS (version 25) employing t test, ANOVA and chi-square as appropriate with -value < .05 accepted as being statistically significant.
Three hundred HCPs comprising of nurses (112; 37.3%), physicians (75; 25.0%), pharmacists (53; 17.7%), community health extension workers (40; 13.3%) and others (20; 6.7%) completed the questionnaire with 166 (55.3%) of them working in tertiary healthcare facilities. Male respondents (6.3 ± 1.7; = .003), pharmacists (7.0 ± 1.6; < .0001), HCPs and those from tertiary centers (6.2 ± 1.7; = .028) had higher knowledge scores. While 228 (76%) respondents had observed incidents of ADR during their professional practice, only 75 (25%) have ever reported it. Only 113 (37.7%) of respondents had seen the adverse drug reaction reporting form with only 53 (17.7%) ever using it. The reporting methods preferred by respondents were through email/internet (102; 34.0%), phone/SMS (78; 26.0%) and using the hard copy of the forms (95; 31.7%). The attitude of respondents towards ADR reporting was mainly positive.
There was significant variation in the knowledge of different categories of HCPs and facility levels about ADR reporting. Encouragingly, the overall attitude of respondents towards ADR reporting was positive. Based on the above, strategies are needed to build capacity of HCPs in the area of on adverse drug reaction and its' reporting.
药物不良反应（ADR）是一项重大的全球医疗保健挑战，与发病率、死亡率上升以及医疗保健成本增加相关；然而，许多国家不同类别的医疗保健专业人员（HCP）对ADR的报告严重不足，这令人担忧。本研究的主要目的是评估在尼日利亚埃基提州初级、二级和三级医疗保健机构工作的HCP对ADR报告的知识、态度和实践情况。
这是一项基于问卷调查的自我管理式研究，在尼日利亚西南部埃基提州工作的HCP中进行。该问卷改编自类似研究中使用的问卷，并由该领域的专家进行了内容效度审查。在三级医疗保健机构工作的医疗保健专业人员（医生、药剂师、护士、社区健康推广工作者和其他相关HCP）参与了研究。问卷包括受访者的人口统计学信息、他们对ADR报告的知识、态度和实践情况等部分。数据分析使用SPSS（版本25），根据情况采用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验，P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
300名HCP完成了问卷，其中护士（112名；37.3%）、医生（75名；25.0%）、药剂师（53名；17.7%）、社区健康推广工作者（40名；13.3%）和其他人员（20名；6.7%），其中166名（55.3%）在三级医疗保健机构工作。男性受访者（6.3±1.7；P = 0.003）、药剂师（7.0±1.6；P < 0.0001）、HCP以及来自三级医疗中心的人员（6.2±1.7；P = 0.028）的知识得分较高。虽然228名（76%）受访者在其专业实践中观察到了ADR事件，但只有75名（25%）曾报告过。只有113名（37.7%）受访者见过药品不良反应报告表，其中只有53名（17.7%）使用过。受访者首选的报告方式是通过电子邮件/互联网（102名；34.0%）、电话/短信（78名；26.0%）和使用表格的纸质副本（95名；31.7%）。受访者对ADR报告的态度主要是积极的。
不同类别的HCP和医疗机构级别对ADR报告的知识存在显著差异。令人鼓舞的是，受访者对ADR报告的总体态度是积极的。基于以上情况，需要制定策略来提高HCP在药品不良反应及其报告方面的能力。
