Department of Child Psychology, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Urology, Children's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jul 27;10:756382. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.756382. eCollection 2022.
Disorders of sexual development (DSD) refer to the congenital abnormalities of chromosomes, gonads, or gender anatomy. Children with DSD usually experience more stress. The present study aims to evaluate the mental health status of children with DSD, and to explore the potential relevant factors. We included 30 children with DSD and 30 age- and gender-matched children without DSD as the control group. All the children and their parents completed the scales of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Children over 8 years old ( = 22) completed the Screen Scale for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC), and the Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran-own memories of parental rearing practices in childhood. DSD children had significantly higher somatic anxiety, mental anxiety, and total anxiety scores than the control group ( < 0.001). The scores of the SCARED, anxiety, and depression subscales of DSD children were higher than those of control children ( < 0.05 and < 0.001, respectively). The correlation analysis showed that the score of generalized anxiety was positively related to age and entertainment. The regression analysis showed that age was a major factor that affected generalized anxiety in DSD children, and neuroticism was a major factor of anxiety disorder and separation anxiety in DSD children. Children with DSD have obvious anxiety problems, which are associated with family environmental factors (entertainment, success, and conflicts) and age. It is important to focus emphasis on emotional stability in children with DSD for detecting anxiety-related emotional disorders early.
性发育障碍（DSD）是指染色体、性腺或性别解剖结构的先天性异常。患有 DSD 的儿童通常会经历更多的压力。本研究旨在评估 DSD 儿童的心理健康状况，并探讨潜在的相关因素。我们纳入了 30 名 DSD 儿童和 30 名年龄和性别匹配的无 DSD 儿童作为对照组。所有儿童及其家长都完成了汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）的评定。年龄大于 8 岁的儿童（n=22）完成了儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）、儿童抑郁自评量表（DSRSC）和 Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran（EMBU），以评估他们的童年期父母养育方式。DSD 儿童的躯体性焦虑、精神性焦虑和总焦虑评分均显著高于对照组（<0.001）。DSD 儿童的 SCARED、焦虑和抑郁分量表评分均高于对照组儿童（<0.05 和<0.001）。相关性分析显示，广泛性焦虑评分与年龄和娱乐呈正相关。回归分析显示，年龄是影响 DSD 儿童广泛性焦虑的主要因素，神经质是 DSD 儿童焦虑症和分离焦虑的主要因素。DSD 儿童存在明显的焦虑问题，与家庭环境因素（娱乐、成功和冲突）和年龄有关。重视 DSD 儿童的情绪稳定性，有助于早期发现与焦虑相关的情绪障碍。
