EpidStrategies, a Division of ToxStrategies, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Sanofi, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 15;226(Suppl 2):S184-S194. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiac155.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in United States infants aged <1 year, but research has focused on select populations.
National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample and National Emergency Department (ED) Sample data (2011-2019) were used to report RSV hospitalization (RSVH), bronchiolitis hospitalization (BH), and ED visit counts, percentage of total hospitalizations/visits, and rates per 1000 live births along with inpatient mortality, mechanical ventilation (MV), and total charges (2020 US dollars).
Average annual RSVH and RSV ED visits were 56 927 (range, 43 845-66 155) and 131 999 (range, 89 809-177 680), respectively. RSVH rates remained constant over time (P = .5), whereas ED visit rates increased (P = .004). From 2011 through 2019, Medicaid infants had the highest average rates (RSVH: 22.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 21.5-23.1] per 1000; ED visits: 55.9 [95% CI, 52.4-59.4] per 1000) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance (RSVH: P < .0001; ED visits: P < .0001). From 2011 through 2019, for all races and ethnicities, Medicaid infants had higher average RSVH rates (up to 7 times) compared to infants with private or other/unknown insurance. RSVH mortality remained constant over time (P = .8), whereas MV use (2019: 13% of RSVH, P < .0001) and mean charge during hospitalization (2019: $21 513, P < .0001) increased. Bronchiolitis patterns were similar.
This study highlights the importance of ensuring access to RSV preventive measures for all infants.
呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是美国 <1 岁婴儿住院的主要原因，但研究主要集中在特定人群。
利用全国（全美）住院患者样本和国家急诊部（ED）样本数据（2011-2019 年），报告 RSV 住院治疗（RSVH）、细支气管炎住院治疗（BH）和 ED 就诊次数、占总住院/就诊人数的百分比，以及每 1000 例活产的发病率、机械通气（MV）和总费用（2020 年美元）。
平均每年 RSVH 和 RSV ED 就诊次数分别为 56927（范围：43845-66155）和 131999（范围：89809-177680）。RSVH 发生率在一段时间内保持稳定（P=0.5），而 ED 就诊率则有所上升（P=0.004）。从 2011 年到 2019 年，医疗补助计划婴儿的平均发病率最高（RSVH：22.3[95%置信区间{CI}，21.5-23.1]每 1000 例；ED 就诊：55.9[95%CI，52.4-59.4]每 1000 例），与拥有私人保险或其他/未知保险的婴儿相比（RSVH：P<0.0001；ED 就诊：P<0.0001）。从 2011 年到 2019 年，对于所有种族和族裔，医疗补助计划婴儿的 RSVH 平均发病率（高达 7 倍）高于拥有私人保险或其他/未知保险的婴儿。RSVH 死亡率在一段时间内保持稳定（P=0.8），而 MV 使用（2019 年：RSVH 的 13%，P<0.0001）和住院期间的平均费用（2019 年：21513 美元，P<0.0001）有所增加。细支气管炎的模式相似。
本研究强调了确保所有婴儿都能获得 RSV 预防措施的重要性。
