Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr Kiran.C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
J Surg Res. 2022 Dec;280:103-113. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.012. Epub 2022 Aug 12.
Mass shootings pose a considerable threat to public safety and significantly cost the United States in terms of lives and expenses. The following are the specific aims of this study: (1) to assess US mass shootings, firearm-related sales, laws, and regional differences from 2015 to 2021 and (2) to investigate changes in mass shootings and firearm sales before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic.
A retrospective review was conducted of mass shootings, gun sales, and laws regarding the minimum age required to purchase a firearm within the United States from 2015 to 2021. The 10 states/regions with the greatest mean mass shootings/capita from 2015 to 2021 were selected for further analysis.
Mass shootings correlated significantly with firearm sales from 2015 to 2021 nationwide (P < 0.02 for all). The growth in mass shootings, the number killed/injured, and gun sales were greater in 2020 and 2021 compared to the years prior. The 10 states with the highest mean mass shooting/capita over the study period were Alabama, Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, and Tennessee. No significant correlation was found between the number of mass shootings/capita and the minimum age to purchase a firearm.
Firearm sales correlated significantly with mass shootings from 2015 to 2021. Mass shootings and gun sales increased at greater rates during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic compared to the years before the pandemic. Mass shootings exhibited inconsistent trends with state gun laws regarding the minimum age to purchase a firearm. Future studies may consider investigating the methods by which firearms used in mass shootings are obtained to further identify targets for prevention.
大规模枪击事件对公共安全构成了相当大的威胁，给美国造成了生命和经济方面的重大损失。本研究的具体目的如下：（1）评估 2015 年至 2021 年美国的大规模枪击事件、与枪支相关的销售、法律和地区差异；（2）调查 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行前后大规模枪击事件和枪支销售的变化。
对 2015 年至 2021 年美国大规模枪击事件、枪支销售以及购买枪支最低年龄的法律进行回顾性审查。选择 2015 年至 2021 年期间人均大规模枪击事件发生率最高的 10 个州/地区进行进一步分析。
2015 年至 2021 年，全国范围内大规模枪击事件与枪支销售显著相关（所有年份均 P<0.02）。与之前几年相比，2020 年和 2021 年大规模枪击事件、死亡/受伤人数和枪支销售的增长幅度更大。在研究期间人均大规模枪击事件发生率最高的 10 个州是阿拉巴马州、阿肯色州、哥伦比亚特区、伊利诺伊州、路易斯安那州、马里兰州、密西西比州、密苏里州、南卡罗来纳州和田纳西州。人均大规模枪击事件数量与购买枪支的最低年龄之间没有显著相关性。
2015 年至 2021 年，枪支销售与大规模枪击事件显著相关。与大流行前相比，2019 年冠状病毒病大流行期间大规模枪击事件和枪支销售的增长速度更快。大规模枪击事件与州枪支法律关于购买枪支的最低年龄之间存在不一致的趋势。未来的研究可以考虑调查用于大规模枪击事件的枪支获取方法，以进一步确定预防目标。
