Orkun Ömer
Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2022 Nov;13(6):102027. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102027. Epub 2022 Aug 10.
Grazing domestic ruminants serve as important reservoirs and/or amplificatory hosts in the ecology of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) and tick vectors in the natural foci; however, many enzootic life cycles including ruminants and ticks are still unknown. This study investigated a wide range of TBPs circulating among ticks and grazing ruminants in the natural foci of Anatolia, Turkey. Tick specimens (n = 1815) were collected from cattle, sheep, and goats in three ecologically distinct areas (wooded, transitional, and semi-arid zones) of Anatolia and identified by species: Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma excavatum, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma scupense, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis parva, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, and Rhipicephalus turanicus. PCR-sequencing analyses revealed TBPs of great diversity, with 32 different agents identified in the ticks: six Babesia spp. (Babesia occultans, Babesia crassa, Babesia microti, Babesia rossi, Babesia sp. tavsan1, and Babesia sp. Ucbas); four Theileria spp., including one putative novel species (Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis, Theileria ovis, and Theileria sp.); one Hepatozoon sp.; four Anaplasma spp., including one novel genotype (Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma ovis, and Anaplasma sp.); six unnamed Ehrlichia spp. genotypes; Neoehrlichia mikurensis; nine spotted fever group rickettsiae, including one putative novel species (Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Rickettsia slovaca, Rickettsia hoogstraalii, Rickettsia monacensis with strain IRS3, Rickettsia mongolitimonae, Rickettsia raoultii, Candidatus Rickettsia goldwasserii, Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae, and Rickettsia sp.); and Borrelia valaisiana. Detailed phylogenetic analyses showed that some of the detected pathogens represent more than one haplotype, potentially relating to the tick species or the host. Additionally, the presence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis, an emerging pathogen for humans, was reported for the first time in Turkey, expanding its geographical distribution. Consequently, this study describes some previously unknown tick-borne protozoan and bacterial species/genotypes and provides informative epidemiological data on TBPs, which are related to animal and human health, serving the one health concept.
在自然疫源地，放牧的家养反刍动物是蜱传病原体（TBPs）生态学中的重要储存宿主和/或扩增宿主，蜱是其传播媒介；然而，许多包括反刍动物和蜱在内的动物疫病流行生命周期仍不为人知。本研究调查了土耳其安纳托利亚自然疫源地蜱和放牧反刍动物中广泛传播的多种TBPs。从安纳托利亚三个生态特征不同的地区（森林地带、过渡地带和半干旱地带）的牛、羊和山羊身上采集了蜱标本（n = 1815），并按种类进行了鉴定：边缘革蜱、网纹革蜱、安纳托利亚璃眼蜱、中空璃眼蜱、边缘璃眼蜱、刻点璃眼蜱、无盾血蜱、微小血蜱、斑点血蜱、沟血蜱、蓖麻硬蜱、柏氏扇头蜱和图兰扇头蜱。聚合酶链反应测序分析显示TBPs种类繁多，在蜱中鉴定出32种不同病原体：六种巴贝斯虫属（隐匿巴贝斯虫、粗大巴贝斯虫、微小巴贝斯虫、罗氏巴贝斯虫、塔夫桑1巴贝斯虫和乌恰斯巴贝斯虫）；四种泰勒虫属，包括一种假定的新物种（环形泰勒虫、东方泰勒虫、绵羊泰勒虫和一种未命名的泰勒虫）；一种肝簇虫属；四种无形体属，包括一种新基因型（嗜吞噬细胞无形体、边缘无形体、绵羊无形体和一种未命名的无形体）；六种未命名的埃立克体属基因型；米库瑞尼新埃立克体；九种斑点热群立克次体，包括一种假定的新物种（埃氏立克次体、斯洛伐克立克次体、胡氏立克次体、带有IRS3菌株的蒙纳氏立克次体、蒙古立克次体、拉乌尔立克次体、候选戈德瓦塞尔立克次体、候选巴巴里亚立克次体和一种未命名的立克次体）；以及瑞士疏螺旋体。详细的系统发育分析表明，一些检测到的病原体代表不止一种单倍型，这可能与蜱的种类或宿主有关。此外，在土耳其首次报告了人类新兴病原体米库瑞尼新埃立克体的存在，扩大了其地理分布范围。因此，本研究描述了一些以前未知的蜱传原生动物和细菌物种/基因型，并提供了与动物和人类健康相关的TBPs信息丰富的流行病学数据，符合“同一健康”理念。
