Rar Vera, Marchenko Victor, Epikhina Tamara, Tikunov Artem, Suntsova Olga, Kozlova Irina, Tikunova Nina
Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Gorno-Altay Research Institute of Agriculture (branch) of National Research Tomsk State University, Mayma, Russia.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2025 Aug 21;95(3):33. doi: 10.1007/s10493-025-01057-z.
Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a worldwide infection of Equides caused mainly by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi. Recently, these agents have been found in horses in the Republic of Altai. To identify probable vectors for EP agents in Western Siberia, 443 adult questing Dermacentor spp. (199 D. silvarum, 236 D. nuttalli, and 8 D. marginatus) were collected from vegetation in four districts of the Republic of Altai and examined for the presence of Piroplasmida DNA. Three Piroplasmida species were identified. Babesia caballi was found in ten (2.3%) Dermacentor spp., including eight D. silvarum and two D. nuttalli, indicating that these species are probable vectors of B. caballi in Siberia. The determined 18 S rRNA gene sequences of B. caballi from ticks were identical to those previously found in equine blood from the same region, which demonstrated their involvement in common transmission cycles. Another agent of EP, T. equi, was found in only one D. silvarum, indicating that in studied region Dermacentor spp. hardly can efficiently transmit T. equi transstadially. In addition to EP pathogents, the agent of bovine mild piroplasmosis, Babesia occultans, was identified in one D. marginatus; this is the first detection of this agent in Russia.
马焦虫病（EP）是一种在全球范围内感染马科动物的疾病，主要由马泰勒虫和驽巴贝斯虫引起。最近，在阿尔泰共和国的马匹中发现了这些病原体。为了确定西西伯利亚地区马焦虫病病原体的可能传播媒介，从阿尔泰共和国四个地区的植被中采集了443只成年饥饿的硬蜱属蜱虫（199只森林革蜱、236只全沟硬蜱和8只边缘革蜱），并检测梨形虫纲DNA的存在情况。鉴定出了三种梨形虫纲物种。在10只（2.3%）硬蜱属蜱虫中发现了驽巴贝斯虫，其中包括8只森林革蜱和2只全沟硬蜱，这表明这些物种可能是西伯利亚地区驽巴贝斯虫的传播媒介。从蜱虫中确定的驽巴贝斯虫18S rRNA基因序列与之前在同一地区马血液中发现的序列相同，这表明它们参与了共同的传播循环。马焦虫病的另一种病原体——马泰勒虫，仅在1只森林革蜱中被发现，这表明在所研究地区，硬蜱属蜱虫很难有效地经变态期传播马泰勒虫。除了马焦虫病病原体外，在1只边缘革蜱中还鉴定出了牛轻度焦虫病的病原体——隐匿巴贝斯虫；这是该病原体在俄罗斯的首次发现。
