Bhattar Keshav, Pandit Trupti, Pandit Ramesh
Internal Medicine, Dr SN Medical College, Jodhpur, IND.
Hospital Medicine/Pediatrics, Inspira Medical Center, Vineland, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 13;14(7):e26818. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26818. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are the second most common cause of hospitalization in children, causing upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) and lower respiratory tract illness (LRTIs) in infants and young children. Common presentations include common cold, laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), bronchitis, and pneumonia. In immunocompetent adults, their effect is usually limited to mild upper respiratory tract illness with spontaneous recovery. However, elderly and immunocompromised adults are at risk for severe infection manifesting as epiglottitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and on rare occasions, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We describe a case of a 73-year-old female who developed recurrent respiratory distress and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and was treated for bacterial pneumonia but was eventually diagnosed with severe parainfluenza bronchitis, causing mucus plug obstruction and lobar lung collapse.
人副流感病毒（HPIVs）是导致儿童住院的第二大常见病因，可引起婴幼儿上呼吸道疾病（URTI）和下呼吸道疾病（LRTIs）。常见症状包括普通感冒、喉气管支气管炎（哮吼）、支气管炎和肺炎。在免疫功能正常的成年人中，其影响通常仅限于轻度上呼吸道疾病且可自发恢复。然而，老年人和免疫功能低下的成年人有发生严重感染的风险，表现为会厌炎、细支气管炎、肺炎，少数情况下还会出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。我们报告一例73岁女性病例，该患者反复出现呼吸窘迫和急性低氧性呼吸衰竭，曾因细菌性肺炎接受治疗，但最终被诊断为严重的副流感支气管炎，导致黏液栓阻塞和肺叶萎陷。
