College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, 229 North TaiBai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
Bee Product Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710065, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Aug 24;70(33):10194-10208. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03639. Epub 2022 Aug 15.
Insulin resistance (IR) is the central link to metabolic syndrome (MS), and IR prevention has become the key to overcoming this worldwide public health problem. A diet rich in simple sugars is an important pathogenic factor in IR development. To investigate the effect of honey on IR compared to the sugar-water diet, we analyzed phenolics and oligosaccharides in jujube honey and rape honey based on LC-MS and silane derivatization/GC-MS. The effects of different diets on glucose and lipid profile, histopathology and IR-related mechanism pathways were analyzed and compared by equal sugar levels intervention of fructose, fructose + glucose and two kinds of unifloral honey (high-/low-dose) in rats. The results suggested that sugar-equivalent honey, which differs from sugar solution, especially 17.1 g/kg BW jujube honey rich in phenolics (1.971 mg/100 g of isoquercitrin) and oligosaccharides (2.18 g/100 g of turanose), suppressed IR via maintaining glucose (OGTT and ITT) and lipid (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and NEFA) homeostasis, improving histological structural abnormalities of the liver, adipose and skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress (GSH-Px and MDA) and inflammation (IL-6 and TNF-α), modulating the NF-κB (NF-κB gene expression was down-regulated to 0.94) and IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (e.g., AKT and GLUT2 expression in liver increased by 4.56 and 13.37 times, respectively) as well as reshaping the gut microbiota. These revealed a potential nutritional contribution of substituting honey for simple sugar in the diet, providing a theoretical basis for controlling IR development via dietary modification and supplementation.
胰岛素抵抗（IR）是代谢综合征（MS）的核心环节，IR 的预防已成为克服这一全球公共卫生问题的关键。富含简单糖的饮食是 IR 发展的重要致病因素。为了研究与糖水饮食相比，蜂蜜对 IR 的影响，我们基于 LC-MS 和硅烷衍生/GC-MS 分析了大枣蜜和油菜蜜中的酚类和低聚糖。通过果糖、果糖+葡萄糖和两种单花蜜（高/低剂量）在大鼠体内以等糖量干预，分析和比较了不同饮食对葡萄糖和脂质谱、组织病理学和 IR 相关机制途径的影响。结果表明，与糖水不同的糖当量蜂蜜，特别是富含酚类（异槲皮苷 1.971mg/100g）和低聚糖（棉子糖 2.18g/100g）的 17.1g/kgBW 大枣蜜，通过维持葡萄糖（OGTT 和 ITT）和脂质（TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C 和 NEFA）的稳态，改善肝脏、脂肪和骨骼肌的组织学结构异常，减少氧化应激（GSH-Px 和 MDA）和炎症（IL-6 和 TNF-α），调节 NF-κB（NF-κB 基因表达下调至 0.94）和 IRS/PI3K/AKT 信号通路（如肝脏中 AKT 和 GLUT2 的表达分别增加了 4.56 倍和 13.37 倍）以及重塑肠道微生物群。这揭示了用蜂蜜替代饮食中简单糖的潜在营养贡献，为通过饮食调整和补充控制 IR 发展提供了理论依据。
