Zahn T P, Rapoport J L
Int J Psychophysiol. 1987 May;5(1):33-41. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(87)90070-5.
The effects of caffeine on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity were tested in 20 adult males who were either high or low consumers of caffeine. Subjects received placebo, 3 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg of caffeine in a counterbalanced order (double-blind) before 3 test sessions 48 h apart. Skin conductance (SC), heart rate, and skin temperature (ST) were recorded during a rest period, a series of non-signal tones, and a simple reaction time task. Caffeine increased resting electrodermal activity (EDA) and increased the SC orienting response to the first non-signal tone, but reduced the increase in tonic EDA due to task performance. ST was reduced by caffeine in both rest and task periods. Increases in nervous/jittery ratings occurred after caffeine ingestion, but task performance was not affected. Low consumers of caffeine showed significantly more ANS responsivity than high consumers under all conditions and did not differ in ANS, behavioral, or subjective effects of caffeine. The acute physiological changes are partly similar to those reported for patients with anxiety disorders, suggesting a possible role of ANS activity in mediating the anxiogenic effects of caffeine. Effects of user status may reflect a predisposing trait, but an effect of chronic caffeine use on ANS sensitivity cannot be ruled out.
在20名成年男性中测试了咖啡因对自主神经系统（ANS）活动的影响，这些男性要么是高咖啡因消费者，要么是低咖啡因消费者。在相隔48小时的3次测试之前，受试者以平衡顺序（双盲）接受安慰剂、3毫克/千克和10毫克/千克的咖啡因。在休息期、一系列无信号音和一个简单反应时任务期间记录皮肤电导（SC）、心率和皮肤温度（ST）。咖啡因增加了静息皮电活动（EDA），增加了对第一个无信号音的SC定向反应，但减少了由于任务执行导致的紧张性EDA的增加。在休息和任务期间，咖啡因都降低了ST。摄入咖啡因后，紧张/烦躁评分增加，但任务表现未受影响。在所有条件下，低咖啡因消费者的ANS反应性显著高于高咖啡因消费者，并且在咖啡因对ANS、行为或主观的影响方面没有差异。急性生理变化部分类似于焦虑症患者报告的变化，这表明ANS活动在介导咖啡因的致焦虑作用中可能发挥作用。使用者状态的影响可能反映了一种易患特质，但不能排除长期使用咖啡因对ANS敏感性的影响。
