Fan Chen-Zi, Liu Yong-Bing, Yuan Ji-Hai, Guo Wei, Sun Dong-Yang, Liu Cheng-Hai
Key Laboratory of Micro- and Element Forms Analysis of China Geological Survey, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2022 Aug 8;43(8):3923-3933. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202112161.
In order to study the characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition elements and the health risks of typical industrial and mining cities in central Yunnan, the atmospheric dry and wet depositions collected from June 2019 to July 2020 in Anning city were selected as the research object and measured. The contents of the 11 indexes TN, F, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, P, As, and Hg were determined, the annual atmospheric deposition flux was calculated, and the exposure risk model was used to assess the risk to human health. The results showed that:1 In addition to Cr, Ni, and As in the atmospheric dry sediments, the average contents of the elements F, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg were significantly higher than those of the surface soil in Anning City, which were 5.82, 3.00, 28.27, 57.53, 2.83, and 1.08 times higher, respectively. The average contents of F and total nitrogen in wet deposition exceeded the standard value of surface water V-class water. 2 The annual atmospheric deposition flux of total nitrogen was the highest, and the annual deposition flux of eight heavy metal elements from smallest to largest was Hg<Ni<As<Cr<Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn. According to DZ/T 0295-2016, except for the point DQ-11 located near a chemical industrial plant, the atmospheric environmental quality and geochemical grades of other points were all first-class. 3 Hand-to-mouth ingestion was the most important avenue of exposure to atmospheric heavy metals, and the exposure dose and non-carcinogenic health risks to children were far greater than those to adults; the atmospheric As, Cd, and Pb in the study area especially caused certain non-carcinogenic health risks to children. Cr, Cd, As, and Ni carcinogenic risk indexes were lower than 10, thus, there was little or no carcinogenic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the strict control of atmospheric heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining enterprises in this region.
为研究滇中典型工矿城市大气干湿沉降元素特征及健康风险，选取2019年6月至2020年7月在安宁市采集的大气干湿沉降物为研究对象并进行测定。测定了TN、F、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、P、As、Hg这11项指标的含量，计算了年大气沉降通量，并采用暴露风险模型评估对人体健康的风险。结果表明：1大气干沉降物中，除Cr、Ni、As外，F、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Hg元素的平均含量均显著高于安宁市表层土壤，分别高出5.82倍、3.00倍、28.27倍、57.53倍、2.83倍和1.08倍。湿沉降中F和总氮的平均含量超过地表水Ⅴ类水标准值。2总氮的年大气沉降通量最高，8种重金属元素的年沉降通量由小到大依次为Hg＜Ni＜As＜Cr＜Cd＜Cu＜Pb＜Zn。依据DZ/T 0295-2016，除位于某化工企业附近的DQ-11点位外，其他点位的大气环境质量和地球化学等级均为一级。3手口摄入是大气重金属暴露的最重要途径，儿童的暴露剂量和非致癌健康风险远大于成人；研究区域内大气中的As、Cd、Pb尤其对儿童造成了一定的非致癌健康风险。Cr、Cd、As、Ni的致癌风险指数低于10，因此致癌风险很小或不存在。所以，有必要加强对该区域工矿企业大气重金属排放的严格管控。
