[Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Other Elements in Atmospheric Dry and Wet Deposition and Health Risk Assessment of a Typical Industrial and Mining City in Central Yunnan].

In order to study the characteristics of atmospheric dry and wet deposition elements and the health risks of typical industrial and mining cities in central Yunnan, the atmospheric dry and wet depositions collected from June 2019 to July 2020 in Anning city were selected as the research object and measured. The contents of the 11 indexes TN, F, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, P, As, and Hg were determined, the annual atmospheric deposition flux was calculated, and the exposure risk model was used to assess the risk to human health. The results showed that:1 In addition to Cr, Ni, and As in the atmospheric dry sediments, the average contents of the elements F, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg were significantly higher than those of the surface soil in Anning City, which were 5.82, 3.00, 28.27, 57.53, 2.83, and 1.08 times higher, respectively. The average contents of F and total nitrogen in wet deposition exceeded the standard value of surface water V-class water. 2 The annual atmospheric deposition flux of total nitrogen was the highest, and the annual deposition flux of eight heavy metal elements from smallest to largest was Hg<Ni<As<Cr<Cd<Cu<Pb<Zn. According to DZ/T 0295-2016, except for the point DQ-11 located near a chemical industrial plant, the atmospheric environmental quality and geochemical grades of other points were all first-class. 3 Hand-to-mouth ingestion was the most important avenue of exposure to atmospheric heavy metals, and the exposure dose and non-carcinogenic health risks to children were far greater than those to adults; the atmospheric As, Cd, and Pb in the study area especially caused certain non-carcinogenic health risks to children. Cr, Cd, As, and Ni carcinogenic risk indexes were lower than 10, thus, there was little or no carcinogenic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the strict control of atmospheric heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining enterprises in this region.