Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Infect Immun. 2022 Sep 15;90(9):e0058821. doi: 10.1128/iai.00588-21. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Circadian clocks are universally used to coordinate biological processes with the Earth's 24-h solar day and are critical for the health and environmental success of an organism. Circadian rhythms in eukaryotes are driven by a cell-intrinsic transcription-translation feedback loop that controls daily oscillations in gene expression which regulate diverse physiological functions. Substantial evidence now exists demonstrating that immune activation and inflammatory responses during infection are under circadian control, however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for this are not well understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate circadian biology and immune function. Zebrafish contain homologs of mammalian circadian clock genes which, to our current knowledge, function similarly to impart timekeeping ability. Consistent with studies in mammalian models, several studies in fish have now demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation: the circadian clock regulates immune activity, and inflammation can alter circadian rhythms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the zebrafish clock and the bi-directional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation in fish.
昼夜节律钟被普遍用于协调生物过程与地球的 24 小时太阳日，并对生物体的健康和环境成功至关重要。真核生物的昼夜节律由细胞内转录-翻译反馈环驱动，该反馈环控制基因表达的日常振荡，从而调节各种生理功能。现在有大量证据表明，感染期间的免疫激活和炎症反应受昼夜节律控制，然而，负责这种控制的细胞机制尚不清楚。斑马鱼（Danio rerio）是研究脊椎动物昼夜节律生物学和免疫功能的强大模式生物。斑马鱼含有哺乳动物昼夜节律钟基因的同源物，根据我们目前的知识，这些基因的功能相似，具有计时能力。与哺乳动物模型的研究一致，鱼类的几项研究现在已经证明了昼夜节律钟和炎症之间的双向关系：昼夜节律钟调节免疫活性，炎症可以改变昼夜节律。这篇综述总结了我们目前对斑马鱼钟的分子机制以及鱼类中昼夜节律钟和炎症之间的双向关系的理解。
