Kara Kanber, Güçlü Berrin Kocaoğlu, Baytok Erol
Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Vet Res Commun. 2022 Dec;46(4):1131-1146. doi: 10.1007/s11259-022-09987-4. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Dietary fibre substances in dog foods are composed of cell wall polysaccharides, non-cellulose polysaccharides, and structural non-polysaccharides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dog age and heat-steam pressure (extruding process) on the in vitro fermentation of fibrous feedstuffs (sugar beet pulp, tomato pomace, wheat bran, corn bran, and rice bran) to be included in dog foods. The fibrous feedstuffs were incubated with a fermentation medium mixture and faeces inoculum, which were collected from two 6 month old (puppy), two 2 year old (adult), and two 8 year old (geriatric) dogs. The in vitro cumulative gas production (at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h), true-organic matter disappearance (T-OMd) (at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and molarities of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids; AA, PA, and BA) in fermentation fluid (at 24 h) of fibrous feedstuffs were determined. The extruding process increased the in vitro cumulative gas production of rice bran (at 12, 18, 24, and 48 h) and wheat bran (at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h) (P < 0.05). In addition, in vitro cumulative gas production values of tomato pomace (at 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h) were reduced by the extruding process (P < 0.05). The extruding process increased the in vitro T-OMd values of sugar beet pulp (at 6, 12, and 24 h), wheat and rice bran (at 6 and 12 h), and the molarities of AA, BA, and total SCFA of the in vitro fermentation fluid of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran (P < 0.05). The in vitro cumulative gas production values of tomato pomace from faecal inoculums of the puppy and adult dogs were higher than that of the geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The in vitro T-OMd of sugar beet pulp (at 48 h) and extruded corn bran (at 6 h) with faecal inoculums of adult dog was higher than those of inoculum from puppy faeces (P < 0.05). The molarity of AA of tomato pomace with adult dog's faecal inoculum was higher than those from puppy and geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The molarities of AA, BA, and total SCFA with corn bran from faeces inoculums of the puppy and adult dog was higher than that of the geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The molarities of AA and total SCFA of the in vitro fermentation fluid of extruded rice bran with faecal inoculums from the geriatric dogs was higher than those with faecal inoculums from the puppy and adult dogs (P < 0.05). As a result, the extruding process positively affected the in vitro fermentation values of sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, and rice bran. Furthermore, the organic acid molarities of the in vitro fermentation fluid of extruded rice bran from the geriatric dog was higher than those from the puppy and adult dogs. Sugar beet pulp, tomato pomace, wheat bran, and corn bran can be used as a source of fibre in food for puppy, adult, and geriatric large dogs.
狗粮中的膳食纤维物质由细胞壁多糖、非纤维素多糖和结构性非多糖组成。本研究的目的是确定犬龄和热蒸汽压力（挤压过程）对狗粮中所含纤维饲料（甜菜粕、番茄渣、麦麸、玉米麸和米糠）体外发酵的影响。将纤维饲料与发酵培养基混合物和粪便接种物一起培养，粪便接种物取自两只6个月大（幼犬）、两只2岁（成年犬）和两只8岁（老年犬）的犬。测定了纤维饲料在体外的累积产气量（在6、12、18、24、36和48小时）、真有机物消失率（T-OMd）（在6、12、24和48小时）以及发酵液中短链脂肪酸（SCFA）（乙酸、丙酸和丁酸；AA、PA和BA）的摩尔浓度（在24小时）。挤压过程增加了米糠（在12、18、24和48小时）和麦麸（在6、12、24和36小时）的体外累积产气量（P < 0.05）。此外，挤压过程降低了番茄渣（在12、18、24、36和48小时）的体外累积产气量（P < 0.05）。挤压过程增加了甜菜粕（在6、12和24小时）、小麦和米糠（在6和12小时）的体外T-OMd值，以及甜菜粕和麦麸体外发酵液中AA、BA和总SCFA的摩尔浓度（P < 0.05）。幼犬和成年犬粪便接种物的番茄渣体外累积产气量高于老年犬（P < 0.05）。成年犬粪便接种物的甜菜粕（在48小时）和挤压玉米麸（在6小时）的体外T-OMd高于幼犬粪便接种物（P < 0.05）。成年犬粪便接种物的番茄渣中AA的摩尔浓度高于幼犬和老年犬（P < 0.05）。幼犬和成年犬粪便接种物的玉米麸中AA、BA和总SCFA的摩尔浓度高于老年犬（P < 0.05）。老年犬粪便接种物的挤压米糠体外发酵液中AA和总SCFA的摩尔浓度高于幼犬和成年犬粪便接种物（P < 0.05）。结果，挤压过程对甜菜粕、麦麸和米糠的体外发酵值有积极影响。此外，老年犬挤压米糠体外发酵液的有机酸摩尔浓度高于幼犬和成年犬。甜菜粕、番茄渣、麦麸和玉米麸可作为幼犬、成年犬和老年大型犬食品中的纤维来源。
