Khan Inam Ullah, Haleem Abdul, Khan Assad Ullah
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, The University of Haripur Haripur KPK 22620 Pakistan.
RSC Adv. 2022 Aug 2;12(33):21223-21234. doi: 10.1039/d2ra03406a. eCollection 2022 Jul 21.
Currently, the energy crisis is a hot topic for researchers because we are facing serious problems due to overpopulation and natural energy sources are vanishing day-by-day. To overcome the energy crisis, biofuel production from non-edible plant seeds is the best solution for the present era. In the present study, we select the non-edible seeds of for biofuel production from different areas of Pakistan with better oil production results. Different kinds of analytical method, like the American Standard for Testing and Materials and techniques like Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, were used to evaluate the chemical compositions. The maximum oil extraction rate (23%) was produced by petroleum ether. Potassium hydroxide exhibited the best conversion result of 96% fatty acid methyl ester. The transesterification method was used for the preparation of fatty acid methyl ester (96%) using potassium hydroxide and methanol. The viscosity and density of seed oil biodiesel was comparable to American Standard for Testing Material biodiesel standards. By using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, five fatty acids were detected comprising palmitic acid (6.85%), stearic acid (2.36%), oleic acid (12.13%), linoleic acid (46.85%), and α-linolenic acid (1.23%). This study concludes that seed oil biodiesel could be an intriguing raw material for yielding seed oil methyl ester as an alternative fuel source.
目前，能源危机是研究人员的热门话题，因为由于人口过剩我们正面临严重问题，且自然资源日益枯竭。为克服能源危机，利用不可食用植物种子生产生物燃料是当今时代的最佳解决方案。在本研究中，我们从巴基斯坦不同地区选取不可食用种子用于生物燃料生产，其产油效果更佳。使用了不同种类的分析方法，如美国材料与试验协会标准以及傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振光谱、气相色谱和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱等技术来评估化学成分。石油醚的最大出油率为23%。氢氧化钾的脂肪酸甲酯转化率最高，为96%。采用酯交换法，用氢氧化钾和甲醇制备脂肪酸甲酯（96%）。种子油生物柴油的粘度和密度与美国材料与试验协会生物柴油标准相当。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用，检测到五种脂肪酸，分别为棕榈酸（6.85%）、硬脂酸（2.36%）、油酸（12.13%）、亚油酸（46.85%）和α - 亚麻酸（1.23%）。本研究得出结论，种子油生物柴油可能是生产种子油甲酯作为替代燃料来源的一种有趣的原料。 （注：原文中“for biofuel production from different areas of Pakistan with better oil production results.”处“for biofuel production”前缺失具体植物名称；“The maximum oil extraction rate (23%) was produced by petroleum ether.”前缺失具体植物名称；“Potassium hydroxide exhibited the best conversion result of 96% fatty acid methyl ester.”前缺失具体植物名称；“By using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, five fatty acids were detected comprising palmitic acid (6.85%), stearic acid (2.36%), oleic acid (12.13%), linoleic acid (46.85%), and α - linolenic acid (1.23%).”前缺失具体植物名称；“This study concludes that seed oil biodiesel could be an intriguing raw material for yielding seed oil methyl ester as an alternative fuel source.”中两处缺失具体植物名称，翻译时保留了原文格式以便看出问题所在。）
