School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
J Adv Nurs. 2022 Dec;78(12):4113-4122. doi: 10.1111/jan.15416. Epub 2022 Aug 16.
Guided by the biopsychosocial-spiritual model, this study aimed to evaluate the spiritual needs of Chinese women with breast cancer and explored factors associated with those spiritual needs.
This study has a cross-sectional design.
This cross-sectional study involved 228 breast cancer patients in China, between May 2019 and July 2019. Data were collected using the general information form, the Spiritual Needs Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data were analysed by Spearman correlation analysis, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression, and a structural equation model (SEM) was constructed by maximum likelihood estimation.
There was a slightly higher average score for spiritual needs. Of the five dimensions of spiritual needs, those with the highest and lowest levels were 'meaning and purpose' and 'relationship with transcendence' respectively. Religion, time since confirmed diagnosis and education level were related to spiritual needs. The proposed model linking spiritual needs perceived social support, anxiety, and depression revealed a satisfactory fit to the data. Specifically, a higher level of social support predicted lower levels of anxiety and depression, which in turn predicted stronger spiritual needs.
The spiritual needs of breast cancer patients were associated with individual characteristics and psychosocial elements. Patients' spiritual needs should therefore be effectively evaluated, especially the needs of those who are not religious. Furthermore, comprehensive, needs-tailored interventions that incorporate spiritual, biological, psychological and social support should be formulated.
Nurses should become more aware of the spiritual needs of breast cancer patients, incorporate a spiritual focus into their care and develop comprehensive needs tailored to their characteristics as well as interventions based on biopsychosocial factors.
本研究以生物-心理-社会-精神模型为指导，旨在评估中国乳腺癌女性的精神需求，并探讨与这些精神需求相关的因素。
本研究为横断面设计。
本横断面研究纳入了 2019 年 5 月至 7 月期间在中国的 228 例乳腺癌患者。使用一般资料表、精神需求量表、领悟社会支持量表和医院焦虑抑郁量表收集数据。采用 Spearman 相关分析、单因素分析和多元线性回归分析，采用最大似然估计进行结构方程模型（SEM）构建。
精神需求的平均得分略高。在精神需求的五个维度中，得分最高和最低的分别是“意义和目的”和“与超越的关系”。宗教、确诊后时间和教育程度与精神需求相关。感知社会支持、焦虑和抑郁与精神需求的假设模型显示出良好的拟合度。具体来说，较高的社会支持水平预示着较低的焦虑和抑郁水平，而较低的焦虑和抑郁水平又预示着较强的精神需求。
乳腺癌患者的精神需求与个体特征和心理社会因素有关。因此，应有效评估患者的精神需求，特别是那些非宗教患者的需求。此外，应制定全面、个性化的干预措施，将精神、生物、心理和社会支持纳入其中。
护士应更加关注乳腺癌患者的精神需求，将精神关注纳入护理工作中，并根据患者的特征制定全面、个性化的干预措施，并基于生物-心理-社会因素制定干预措施。
