Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
J Virol. 2022 Sep 14;96(17):e0043922. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00439-22. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Flaviviruses are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, including some well-known human pathogens such as Zika, dengue, and yellow fever viruses, which are primarily associated with mosquito and tick vectors. The vast majority of flavivirus research has focused on terrestrial environments; however, recent findings indicate that a range of flaviviruses are also present in aquatic environments, both marine and freshwater. These flaviviruses are found in various hosts, including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms. Although the effects of aquatic flaviviruses on the hosts they infect are not all known, some have been detected in farmed species and may have detrimental effects on the aquaculture industry. Exploration of the evolutionary history through the discovery of the Wenzhou shark flavivirus in both a shark and crab host is of particular interest since the potential dual-host nature of this virus may indicate that the invertebrate-vertebrate relationship seen in other flaviviruses may have a more profound evolutionary root than previously expected. Potential endogenous viral elements and the range of novel aquatic flaviviruses discovered thus shed light on virus origins and evolutionary history and may indicate that, like terrestrial life, the origins of flaviviruses may lie in aquatic environments.
黄病毒属是正链单股 RNA 病毒，包括一些著名的人类病原体，如寨卡病毒、登革热病毒和黄热病病毒，它们主要与蚊子和蜱虫等媒介有关。绝大多数黄病毒的研究都集中在陆地环境上；然而，最近的发现表明，一系列黄病毒也存在于水生环境中，包括海洋和淡水。这些黄病毒存在于各种宿主中，包括鱼类、甲壳类动物、软体动物和棘皮动物。虽然水生黄病毒对其感染的宿主的影响并非全部已知，但有些已在养殖物种中被检测到，可能对水产养殖业产生不利影响。通过在鲨鱼和螃蟹宿主中发现温州鲨鱼黄病毒，探索其进化史尤其令人关注，因为这种病毒可能具有双重宿主的特性，这表明其他黄病毒中观察到的无脊椎动物-脊椎动物关系可能比预期的具有更深远的进化根源。潜在的内源性病毒元件和新发现的一系列新型水生黄病毒阐明了病毒的起源和进化历史，并可能表明，与陆地生命一样，黄病毒的起源可能也存在于水生环境中。
