Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
GIFS France (Groupe d'investigations Sur La Faune Sauvage, France) - 111, Chemin de L'Herté, BP 10, 40465, Pontonx-sur-Adour, France.
Naturwissenschaften. 2022 Aug 17;109(5):44. doi: 10.1007/s00114-022-01812-x.
Migration is used by many species as a strategy to deal with a seasonally changing environment. For some species, migration patterns can vary across different or even within the same breeding area. The Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus, an abundant and widespread Palearctic species, exhibits three migratory strategies (strictly migratory, partially migratory and resident) across its European breeding grounds. Based on ring recoveries and satellite tracking data, we investigated the migration and foraging behaviour of Woodpigeons breeding in Southwestern Europe (Portugal) and Central Europe (Germany). We found that individuals could be classified as residents (Portugal) or partial migrants (Germany), with migrating individuals following the European sector of the East Atlantic flyway, and mainly wintering in France. In addition to general data on migration phenology, we provide evidence for different migration strategies (migration of varying distances or resident behaviour), low wintering site fidelity and the use of multiple wintering sites. Furthermore, tracking data provided information on migratory behaviour in consecutive years, clearly showing that individuals may switch migratory strategies (resident vs. migrant) between years, i.e. are facultative partial migrants. While individuals from Portugal mainly stayed within a large park ('green urban area') year-round, Woodpigeons from the city of Giessen (Germany) regularly left the urban area to forage on surrounding farmland (with an average distance covered of 5.7 km), particularly from July to September. Overall, our results highlight the behavioural plasticity in Woodpigeons in terms of foraging and migration strategies within and amongst individuals as well as populations.
迁徙被许多物种用作应对季节性变化环境的策略。对于某些物种，迁徙模式可能在不同地区甚至同一繁殖区域内有所不同。普通鸠（Columba palumbus）是一种丰富且广泛分布于古北界的物种，在其欧洲繁殖地表现出三种迁徙策略（严格迁徙、部分迁徙和留居）。基于环志回收和卫星跟踪数据，我们调查了在西南欧（葡萄牙）和中欧（德国）繁殖的鸠的迁徙和觅食行为。我们发现，个体可以被归类为留居者（葡萄牙）或部分迁徙者（德国），迁徙个体沿着欧洲东大西洋迁徙通道迁徙，主要在法国越冬。除了迁徙物候学的一般数据外，我们还提供了不同迁徙策略（迁徙距离不同或留居行为）、越冬地低忠诚度和使用多个越冬地的证据。此外，跟踪数据提供了连续多年迁徙行为的信息，清楚地表明个体可能在年间改变迁徙策略（留居者与迁徙者），即具有兼性部分迁徙能力。虽然来自葡萄牙的个体主要全年留在一个大型公园（“绿色城市区域”）内，但来自吉森市（德国）的鸠经常离开城市区域到周围农田觅食（平均覆盖距离为 5.7 公里），特别是在 7 月至 9 月期间。总的来说，我们的结果突出了鸠在觅食和迁徙策略方面的行为可塑性，包括个体内部和种群内部的行为可塑性。
