Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Curr Cardiol Rep. 2022 Oct;24(10):1455-1465. doi: 10.1007/s11886-022-01762-w. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Epidemiological research on type 1 diabetes (T1D) has traditionally focussed on the paediatric age group, but recent data in adults has confirmed it to be a disease of all ages with a wide clinical spectrum. We review the epidemiology and clinical features of T1D across the lifespan.
While the peak incidence of T1D is still in early adolescence, T1D is now diagnosed more commonly in adulthood than childhood due to increasing recognition of adult-onset T1D and the length of the adult lifespan. It still follows the known geographic variations in incidence, being highest in Northern Europe and lowest in Asia. The onset of T1D in adulthood is usually less acute than in childhood and confers a lower, although still substantial, risk of complications and early mortality. Interventions to delay T1D onset are emerging and screening for those at risk at birth is increasingly available. Type 1 diabetes can develop at any age and may not present with ketosis or an immediate insulin requirement in adults. Macro- and microvascular complications are the greatest cause of excess morbidity and mortality in this population.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）的流行病学研究传统上集中在儿科年龄组，但最近成年人的数据证实，T1D 是一种各年龄段均可发病的疾病，具有广泛的临床谱。我们回顾了一生中 T1D 的流行病学和临床特征。
虽然 T1D 的发病高峰仍在青春期早期，但由于成人发病型 T1D 的认识不断提高，以及成人寿命的延长，T1D 在儿童期的诊断现在比儿童期更为常见。它仍然遵循发病率的已知地理差异，在北欧最高，在亚洲最低。成年人 T1D 的发病通常不如儿童期急性，并且并发症和早期死亡率的风险虽然仍然相当高，但较低。延迟 T1D 发病的干预措施正在出现，并且越来越多地在出生时对有风险的人群进行筛查。1 型糖尿病可在任何年龄发病，在成年人中可能不会出现酮症或立即需要胰岛素。大血管和微血管并发症是该人群中发病率和死亡率过高的主要原因。
