Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Núcleo de Estudos de Psicologia Positiva Organizacional e do Trabalho, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2024;46:e20220496. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0496. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
To investigate the role of optimism, hope, and gratitude as psychosocial factors for healthy development, especially with regard to anxiety in college students in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
This is a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Gratitude Scale (Escala Brasileira de Gratidão [B-GRAT]), and the Brazilian versions of an anxiety subscale, the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Hope Index Scale, and BIG-FIVE were administered. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlations, and hierarchical linear regression.
A total of 297 students were assessed. The relationship between gratitude and anxiety became positive in the hierarchical linear analysis, contradicting the initial negative association between these variables according to the Spearman coefficients. This contradiction may be a result of the suppression effect. When gratitude was added to the model, these three variables together accounted for 38% of the variance in anxiety. This indicates that optimism, hope, and gratitude together are significant predictors, although optimism alone accounts for the greater part of the variance in decreased anxiety.
The data confirm that family and religiosity are protective factors against mental illness, specifically non-adaptive anxiety. Furthermore, developing optimism as a protective factor makes it possible to experience less anxiety while hope has the potential to provide the individual with multiple pathways to healthy development. This study highlights that gratitude plays a dual role in these relationships as it has the potential to be associated with anxious feelings with likely negative outcomes while at the same time it can drive positive psychosocial factors of optimism and hope, decreasing anxiety.
探讨乐观、希望和感激作为心理社会因素在新冠疫情背景下对大学生健康发展（尤其是焦虑）的作用。
这是一项定量、描述性的横断面研究。采用一般情况问卷、巴西感激量表（Escala Brasileira de Gratidão [B-GRAT]）以及修订后的生活取向测验（LOT-R）、希望指数量表和大五人格的巴西版本焦虑子量表进行评估。采用 Mann-Whitney U 检验、Kruskal-Wallis 检验、Spearman 相关分析和分层线性回归进行数据分析。
共评估了 297 名学生。分层线性分析显示，感激与焦虑之间呈正相关，与 Spearman 系数最初的负相关关系相矛盾。这种矛盾可能是抑制效应的结果。当感激被纳入模型时，这三个变量共同解释了焦虑的 38%的方差。这表明乐观、希望和感激共同是显著的预测因素，尽管乐观单独解释了焦虑减少的更大部分方差。
数据证实家庭和宗教信仰是精神疾病（特别是非适应性焦虑）的保护因素。此外，培养乐观作为保护因素可以使个体体验到更少的焦虑，而希望则有可能为个体提供多种健康发展的途径。本研究强调，感激在这些关系中具有双重作用，因为它有可能与焦虑情绪相关联，从而产生可能的负面结果，同时也能激发乐观和希望等积极的心理社会因素，从而降低焦虑。
