Runge Annette, Petersson Monika, Riechelmann Herbert
Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
ViraTherapeutics GmbH, Rum, Austria.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2022 Oct;101(10):787-796. doi: 10.1055/a-1901-9214. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
Oncolytic viruses (OV) infect and kill cancer cells and elicit an antitumoral immune response. With their potential to break through tumor immunoresistance, OV might be a future combination treatment option in patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Modes of action, biological modifications, handling and side effects of OV for treatment of HNC are reviewed. Results of preclinical and clinical trials are reported.
Publications and clinical trials dealing with OV and HNC were searched in PubMed and international platforms for clinical study records. Studies on preclinical and clinical trials regarding oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Adenovirus, Vacciniavirus and Reovirus were selected.
Enhanced infection and killing of tumor cells through capsid and genome modifications of OV were reported in recent preclinical studies. Most of the clinical studies were phase-I/II trials. In phase III studies, tumor regression and prolonged survival were observed after treatment with oncolytic HSV, Adenoviruses and Reoviruses. In most trials, OV were combined with chemoradiotherapy or immunotherapy.
In the published studies, OV treatment of HNC patients was safe, often well tolerated and showed promising results with regard to response and survival, especially in combination with chemoradiotherapy or checkpoint inhibitors.
溶瘤病毒（OV）可感染并杀死癌细胞，引发抗肿瘤免疫反应。鉴于其突破肿瘤免疫抗性的潜力，OV可能成为晚期头颈癌（HNC）患者未来的联合治疗选择。本文综述了OV治疗HNC的作用模式、生物学修饰、处理方法及副作用，并报告了临床前和临床试验的结果。
在PubMed及国际临床研究记录平台上检索有关OV和HNC的出版物及临床试验。选取了关于溶瘤单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）、腺病毒、痘苗病毒和呼肠孤病毒的临床前和临床试验研究。
近期临床前研究报告了通过对OV的衣壳和基因组进行修饰可增强对肿瘤细胞的感染和杀伤。大多数临床研究为I/II期试验。在III期研究中，使用溶瘤HSV、腺病毒和呼肠孤病毒治疗后观察到肿瘤消退和生存期延长。在大多数试验中，OV与放化疗或免疫治疗联合使用。
在已发表的研究中，OV治疗HNC患者是安全的，通常耐受性良好，在反应和生存方面显示出有前景的结果，特别是与放化疗或检查点抑制剂联合使用时。
