Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 25;21(19):7073. doi: 10.3390/ijms21197073.
Head and neck cancer has been treated by a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has made immunotherapy a new treatment method. Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy selectively infects tumor cells with a low-pathogenic virus, lyses tumor cells by the cytopathic effects of the virus, and induces anti-tumor immunity to destroy tumors by the action of immune cells. In OV therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), vaccinia virus, adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), are mainly used. As the combined use of mutant HSV-1 and ICI was successful for the treatment of melanoma, studies are underway to combine OV therapy with radiation, chemotherapy, and other types of immunotherapy. In such therapy, it is important for the virus to selectively replicate in tumor cells, and to express the viral gene and the introduced foreign gene in the tumor cells. In OV therapy for HNSCC, it may be useful to combine systemic and local treatments that improve the delivery and replication of the inoculated oncolytic virus in the tumor cells.
头颈部癌症的治疗方法包括手术、放疗和化疗。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）的发展使免疫疗法成为一种新的治疗方法。溶瘤病毒（OV）治疗是利用低致病性病毒选择性感染肿瘤细胞，通过病毒的细胞病变作用溶解肿瘤细胞，并通过免疫细胞的作用诱导抗肿瘤免疫来破坏肿瘤。在头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）的 OV 治疗中，主要使用单纯疱疹病毒 1 型（HSV-1）、牛痘病毒、腺病毒、呼肠孤病毒、麻疹病毒和水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）等病毒。由于突变型 HSV-1 与 ICI 的联合使用成功用于治疗黑色素瘤，目前正在研究将 OV 治疗与放疗、化疗和其他类型的免疫疗法相结合。在这种治疗中，病毒选择性地在肿瘤细胞中复制，并在肿瘤细胞中表达病毒基因和引入的外源基因非常重要。在 HNSCC 的 OV 治疗中，联合全身和局部治疗以改善接种的溶瘤病毒在肿瘤细胞中的传递和复制可能是有用的。
