Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden; Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, NL-1090, GE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 3):136038. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136038. Epub 2022 Aug 14.
The global monitoring plan (GMP) established under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) had defined ambient air, human milk or blood, and water as core matrices to be analyzed and assessed for spatial and temporal distribution. Within projects coordinated by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), developing countries were offered to have other matrices analyzed for perfluoroalkane substances (PFAS) in one experienced laboratory. A total of 266 samples from 26 countries located in Africa, Asia, and Latin America were collected during 2018-2019 and analyzed for 15 PFAS. The limits of quantification were 6.2 pg/g fresh weight for most PFAS. The statistical assessment of 262 samples, four were excluded due to extreme values, showed that across abiotic and biota samples, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest detection frequency (80%) and the highest median value (19.2 pg/g), followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) with 73% and a median value of 7.67 pg/g. Among the matrices, water (55%), sediment (49%) and fish (44%) had the most complex pattern, i.e., number of PFAS quantified. Dairy products and chicken meat had less PFAS present. From the 137 foods, fish, meat, eggs, analyzed in this study, only two fish samples would exceed one of the limit values proposed by the European Commission. To assess human exposure, we suggest including dairy products and drinking water since selective and sensitive methods would allow quantification of the four proposed PFAS.
全球监测计划（GMP）是根据《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》设立的，该计划将环境空气、人乳或血液以及水确定为需进行分析和评估的核心基质，以了解其时空分布情况。在联合国环境规划署（UNEP）协调的项目中，发展中国家可选择让一个经验丰富的实验室分析其他基质中的全氟烷酸物质（PFAS）。在 2018 年至 2019 年期间，共从非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲的 26 个国家收集了 266 个样本，并对 15 种 PFAS 进行了分析。对于大多数 PFAS，检测限为鲜重的 6.2pg/g。对 262 个样本的统计评估显示，由于存在极值，有四个样本被排除在外。结果表明，在非生物和生物样本中，全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的检出频率（80%）最高，中位数为 19.2pg/g；其次是全氟辛酸（PFOA），检出频率为 73%，中位数为 7.67pg/g。在所分析的基质中，水（55%）、沉积物（49%）和鱼类（44%）的 PFAS 种类最多，即定量分析的 PFAS 种类最多。乳制品和鸡肉中的 PFAS 含量较少。在所研究的 137 种食品中，只有两种鱼类样本的 PFAS 含量会超过欧盟委员会提出的限量值之一。为了评估人体接触情况，我们建议将乳制品和饮用水纳入考虑范围，因为选择性和灵敏性的方法将能够对这四种建议的 PFAS 进行定量分析。
