Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Örebro University, School of Science and Technology, MTM Research Centre, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Aug;263(Pt A):113721. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113721. Epub 2019 Dec 17.
To comprise the future requirements to detect low levels of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) including branched and linear perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in food items, analytical methods for their determination in five different food matrices (cow milk, butter, chicken meat, beef, and fish) were developed and validated. Analytical method for eggs was only validated for PFOS and PFOA because of interfering substance appeared in some samples. The method applied on foods of animal origin includes alkaline digestion, extraction, and clean-up with solid phase extraction and adsorption on granular carbon where necessary. The method was shown effective to eliminate taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC), a bile acid that is an endogenous interference compound in egg samples causing ionization suppression and false positive result for PFOS when 499 > 80 transition was used for quantification. The validation was performed and resulted in recoveries >70% for all three PFAAs, the limits of quantification (LOQs) in all matrices were 3.1 pg g, 3.4 pg g, and 4.9 pg g for PFHxS, PFOA, and L-PFOS, respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to 53 food samples from the Swedish market and from developing countries. PFOS and PFOA were detected in all samples. PFHxS was detected in 76% of the samples. Further method development on separating interfering substance from PFHxS in egg is warranted due to relatively high detection of this compound in other food items. With this method, concentrations in the low pg g range in food samples of animal origin were quantified including the branched PFOS isomers. This method can be applied to enforce potential future limit values for PFOS and PFOA as a consequence of the recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendation where the tolerable intakes have been drastically lowered. Further method development is needed for foods of plant origin such as vegetables, flour, nuts, or bread.
为了满足检测食品中低水平全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）的未来需求，包括支链和直链全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS），我们开发并验证了五种不同食品基质（牛奶、黄油、鸡肉、牛肉和鱼）中这些物质的测定分析方法。由于在一些样品中出现了干扰物质，鸡蛋的分析方法仅针对 PFOS 和 PFOA 进行了验证。应用于动物源性食品的方法包括碱性消化、提取以及固相萃取和必要时颗粒活性炭吸附净化。该方法有效地消除了牛磺脱氧胆酸（TDC），这种胆酸是鸡蛋样品中内源性干扰化合物，当使用 499 > 80 跃迁进行定量时，会导致 PFOS 离子化抑制和假阳性结果。该方法经过验证，所有三种 PFAAs 的回收率均>70%，所有基质中的定量限（LOQ）分别为 3.1 pg g、3.4 pg g 和 4.9 pg g，用于 PFHxS、PFOA 和 L-PFOS。该优化方法成功应用于来自瑞典市场和发展中国家的 53 种食品样品。所有样品中均检测到 PFOS 和 PFOA，76%的样品中检测到 PFHxS。由于该化合物在其他食品中相对较高的检出率，需要进一步开发分离鸡蛋中 PFHxS 干扰物质的方法。使用该方法，可以定量检测动物源性食品样品中低至 pg g 级的浓度，包括支链 PFOS 异构体。随着近期欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）的建议降低了可耐受摄入量，该方法可用于执行未来 PFOS 和 PFOA 的潜在限量值。还需要进一步开发植物源性食品（如蔬菜、面粉、坚果或面包）的分析方法。
