Wang Runyu, Ding Xinxin, Wang Jingzhi, Dong Zhibao, Xu Hongmei, Ma Ge, Gao Bo, Song Han, Yang Menghan, Cao Junji
National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education, School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 620 West Chang'an Road, Changan Zone, Xi'an, 710119, China.
Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Mar;45(3):1027-1044. doi: 10.1007/s10653-022-01359-w. Epub 2022 Aug 17.
The PM-bounded elements were measured in outdoor and indoor from two urban middle schools in Xi'an. The PM mass was from 42.4 to 283.7 µg/m with bounded element from 3.4 to 41.7 µg/m. Both the particle mass and the bounded elements displayed higher levels compared with previous studies in school environments. The most abundant elements were Ca, K, Fe, S, Zn and Cl both indoor and outdoor in two schools, which accounted for about 90% of the total elements. Strong correlations between indoor and outdoor were obtained along with relative effect from students' and teachers' activities on the indoor distributions between workdays and weekends. There had different indoor/outdoor (I/O) distributions for the two schools. It revealed the main outdoor sources for elements in JT and predominance of indoor sources in HT. The principal component analysis investigated main sources of elements in this study were coal combustion, geogenic dust and industrial emission, even though there displayed differences in the two school classrooms. The health risk assessment showed that the cancer risk for Ni and Pb was below the safe value while As and Cr might pose acceptable potential threat to both students' and teachers' health. The total non-cancer risks of accumulative multi-metals in JT exhibited to be higher than 1, indicating that there existed the potential non-carcinogenic health risks of exposure metals.
对西安市两所城市中学的室外和室内环境中的颗粒物（PM）结合态元素进行了测定。PM质量浓度范围为42.4至283.7 μg/m³，结合态元素浓度范围为3.4至41.7 μg/m³。与之前学校环境中的研究相比，颗粒物质量和结合态元素浓度均呈现出更高的水平。两所学校室内和室外环境中含量最丰富的元素均为钙（Ca）、钾（K）、铁（Fe）、硫（S）、锌（Zn）和氯（Cl），它们约占元素总量的90%。室内和室外环境之间存在很强的相关性，同时工作日和周末学生及教师活动对室内分布有相对影响。两所学校的室内/室外（I/O）分布存在差异。结果表明，JT中学元素的主要室外来源以及HT中学室内来源的主导地位。主成分分析表明，本研究中元素的主要来源是煤炭燃烧、地质源粉尘和工业排放，尽管两所学校教室存在差异。健康风险评估显示，镍（Ni）和铅（Pb）的致癌风险低于安全值，但砷（As）和铬（Cr）可能对学生和教师的健康构成可接受的潜在威胁。JT中学累积多种金属的总非致癌风险高于1，表明存在接触金属的潜在非致癌健康风险。
