Since the widespread discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) 20 years ago, the Drosophila melanogaster model system has made important contributions to understanding the biology of this class of noncoding RNAs. These contributions are based on the amenability of this model system not only for biochemical analysis but molecular, genetic, and cell biological analyses as well. Nevertheless, while the Drosophila genome is now known to encode 258 miRNA precursors, the function of only a small minority of these have been well characterized. In this review, we summarize the current resources and methods that are available to study miRNA function in Drosophila with a particular focus on the large-scale resources that enable systematic analysis. Application of these methods will accelerate the discovery of ways that miRNAs are embedded into genetic networks that control basic features of metazoan cells.