Wong Kuan Yee, Megat Mazhar Khair Megat Hamzah, Song Adelene Ai-Lian, Masarudin Mas Jaffri, Chong Chou Min, In Lionel Lian Aun, Teo Michelle Yee Mun
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 2;13:935145. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.935145. eCollection 2022.
Multi-drug resistance has called for a race to uncover alternatives to existing antibiotics. Phage therapy is one of the explored alternatives, including the use of endolysins, which are phage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases responsible for bacterial lysis. Endolysins have been extensively researched in different fields, including medicine, food, and agricultural applications. While the target specificity of various endolysins varies greatly between species, this current review focuses specifically on streptococcal endolysins. spp. causes numerous infections, from the common strep throat to much more serious life-threatening infections such as pneumonia and meningitis. It is reported as a major crisis in various industries, causing systemic infections associated with high mortality and morbidity, as well as economic losses, especially in the agricultural industry. This review highlights the types of catalytic and cell wall-binding domains found in streptococcal endolysins and gives a comprehensive account of the lytic ability of both native and engineered streptococcal endolysins studied thus far, as well as its potential application across different industries. Finally, it gives an overview of the advantages and limitations of these enzyme-based antibiotics, which has caused the term enzybiotics to be conferred to it.
多重耐药性促使人们竞相寻找现有抗生素的替代品。噬菌体疗法是其中一种被探索的替代方法，包括使用内溶素，内溶素是噬菌体编码的肽聚糖水解酶，负责细菌裂解。内溶素已在不同领域进行了广泛研究，包括医学、食品和农业应用。虽然各种内溶素的靶标特异性在不同物种之间差异很大，但本综述特别关注链球菌内溶素。链球菌会引发多种感染，从常见的链球菌性喉炎到更严重的危及生命的感染，如肺炎和脑膜炎。据报道，它在各个行业都是一场重大危机，会导致与高死亡率和高发病率相关的全身感染以及经济损失，尤其是在农业领域。本综述重点介绍了链球菌内溶素中发现的催化结构域和细胞壁结合结构域的类型，并全面阐述了迄今为止所研究的天然和工程化链球菌内溶素的裂解能力，以及其在不同行业的潜在应用。最后，概述了这些基于酶的抗生素的优点和局限性，因此赋予了它“酶抗生素”这一术语。
