School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
J Med Internet Res. 2023 Jun 29;25:e46783. doi: 10.2196/46783.
Recent technological advances allow for the repeated sampling of real-time data in natural settings using electronic ecological momentary assessment (eEMA). These advances are particularly meaningful for investigating physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in young adults who are in a critical life stage for the development of healthy lifestyle behaviors.
This study aims to describe the use of eEMA methodologies in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research in young adults.
The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched through August 2022. Inclusion criteria were use of eEMA; sample of young adults aged 18 to 25 years; at least 1 measurement of physical activity, sedentary behavior, or sleep; English language; and a peer-reviewed report of original research. Study reports were excluded if they were abstracts, protocols, or reviews. The risk of bias assessment was conducted using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were conducted by independent authors, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis were used to identify overarching patterns within the following categories guided by the Checklist for Reporting Ecological Momentary Assessments Studies: study characteristics, outcomes and measures, eEMA procedures, and compliance.
The search resulted in 1221 citations with a final sample of 37 reports describing 35 unique studies. Most reports (28/37, 76%) were published in the last 5 years (2017-2022), used observational designs (35/37, 95%), consisted of samples of college students or apprentices (28/35, 80%), and were conducted in the United States (22/37, 60%). The sample sizes ranged from 14 to 1584 young adults. Physical activity was measured more frequently (28/37, 76%) than sleep (16/37, 43%) or sedentary behavior (4/37, 11%). Of the 37 studies, 11 (30%) reports included 2 movement behaviors and no reports included 3 movement behaviors. eEMA was frequently used to measure potential correlates of movement behaviors, such as emotional states or feelings (25/37, 68%), cognitive processes (7/37, 19%), and contextual factors (9/37, 24%). There was wide variability in the implementation and reporting of eEMA procedures, measures, missing data, analysis, and compliance.
The use of eEMA methodologies in physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research in young adults has greatly increased in recent years; however, reports continue to lack standardized reporting of features unique to the eEMA methodology. Additional areas in need of future research include the use of eEMA with more diverse populations and the incorporation of all 3 movement behaviors within a 24-hour period. The findings are intended to assist investigators in the design, implementation, and reporting of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep research using eEMA in young adults.
PROSPERO CRD42021279156; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021279156.
最近的技术进步使得在自然环境中使用电子实时评估（eEMA）重复采集实时数据成为可能。这些进步对于研究年轻人的身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠特别有意义，因为年轻人正处于养成健康生活方式行为的关键人生阶段。
本研究旨在描述在年轻人的身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠研究中使用 eEMA 方法。
通过 2022 年 8 月对 PubMed、CINAHL、PsycINFO、Embase 和 Web of Science 电子数据库进行检索。纳入标准为：使用 eEMA；18 至 25 岁的年轻成年人样本；至少有 1 次身体活动、久坐行为或睡眠测量；英语语言；以及同行评审的原始研究报告。如果研究报告是摘要、方案或综述，则将其排除在外。使用美国国立心肺血液研究所的观察性队列和横断面研究质量评估工具进行偏倚风险评估。筛查、数据提取和偏倚风险评估由独立作者进行，如有分歧则通过共识解决。使用生态瞬时评估研究报告清单中指导的以下类别进行描述性统计和叙述性综合：研究特征、结局和测量、eEMA 程序和依从性。
搜索结果产生了 1221 条引文，最终样本为 37 份报告，描述了 35 项独特的研究。大多数报告（28/37，76%）发表于最近 5 年（2017-2022 年），采用观察性设计（35/37，95%），由大学生或学徒组成的样本（28/35，80%），并且在美国进行（22/37，60%）。样本量范围从 14 到 1584 名年轻人。身体活动的测量频率（28/37，76%）高于睡眠（16/37，43%）或久坐行为（4/37，11%）。在 37 项研究中，11 项（30%）报告包含 2 项运动行为，没有报告包含 3 项运动行为。eEMA 常用于测量身体活动行为的潜在相关因素，例如情绪状态或感觉（25/37，68%）、认知过程（7/37，19%）和环境因素（9/37，24%）。eEMA 程序、测量、缺失数据、分析和依从性的实施和报告存在很大差异。
近年来，在年轻人的身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠研究中使用 eEMA 方法的应用大大增加；然而，报告仍然缺乏对 eEMA 方法特有特征的标准化报告。未来需要进一步研究的领域包括在更具多样性的人群中使用 eEMA 以及在 24 小时内纳入所有 3 项运动行为。本研究旨在帮助研究人员在年轻人的身体活动、久坐行为和睡眠研究中设计、实施和报告使用 eEMA。
PROSPERO CRD42021279156；https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021279156。
