Cooper W E, Tye-Murray N, Nelson L J
J Psycholinguist Res. 1987 May;16(3):233-40. doi: 10.1007/BF01067544.
Two tests were conducted to examine listeners' detection of missing words in spoken paragraph contexts. Detection was assessed by presenting listeners with normal paragraphs and with paragraphs each containing a single occurrence of a missed word, an inappropriate pause, or a mispronounced word. In the first test, listeners were simply asked whether they detected any abnormalities and to describe them. The results indicated that listeners reported missed words in only 34 to 49% of the paragraphs containing such words. In the second test, a separate group of listeners was given more specific instructions beforehand, indicating the three possible types of abnormality. In this task, the correct detection of missed words rose to 96%. Taken together, the results indicate that listeners do not readily detect occasional missing words under ordinary circumstances but are capable of such detection in a task specifically focused on message abnormalities.
进行了两项测试，以检查听众对口语段落中缺失单词的察觉情况。通过向听众呈现正常段落以及每个段落中分别包含一个缺失单词、一个不适当停顿或一个发音错误单词的段落来评估察觉情况。在第一项测试中，只是简单询问听众是否察觉到任何异常并要求他们进行描述。结果表明，在包含此类单词的段落中，听众仅在34%至49%的段落中报告了缺失单词。在第二项测试中，事先给另一组听众更具体的指示，指明三种可能的异常类型。在这项任务中，对缺失单词的正确察觉率上升到了96%。综合来看，结果表明听众在通常情况下不容易察觉到偶尔出现的缺失单词，但在专门关注信息异常的任务中能够做到这种察觉。
